HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS BESI, STATUS VITAMIN A DAN STATUS PROTEIN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI KABUPATEN BUNGO PROVINSI JAMBI

Miranda, SKM, Prof. Dr. Dra. Wiryatun Lestariana, Apt.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/GK

Latar belakang: Program suplementasi besi untuk pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia pada ibu hamil telah dilaksanakankan sejak tahun 1975, tetapi sampai saat ini prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil masih tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil survei cepat anemia di Kabupaten Bungo tahun 2005, prevalensi anemia ibu hamil sebesar 40%. Kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil disebabkan oleh berbagai kekurangan zat gizi, antara lain zat besi, protein,asam folat, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin A, Vitamin C, vitamin E, zink dan tembaga. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara status besi (kadar besi serum), status vitamin A (kadar retinol serum), status protein (kadar total protein serum ) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Bungo. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 92 ibu hamil trimester II dan III yang terdaftar pada 17 wilayah Puskesmas dalam Kabupaten Bungo tahun 2009. Setiap subjek penelitian diambil darah vena sebanyak 5 ml untuk diperiksa kadar hemoglobin, kadar besi serum, kadar retinol serum dan kadar total protein serum. Kadar Hb diperiksa dengan metode cyanmethemoglobin, parameter status besi adalah kadar besi serum dengan metode chromazurol B (CAB), status vitamin A adalah kadar retinol serum dengan metode HPLC, status protein adalah kadar total protein serum dengan metode photometric colorimetric. Data karakteristik subjek penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara sebelum dilakukan pengambilan darah vena. Hasil yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis uji chi square dengan nilai signifikan <0,05. Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dari 92 ibu hamil yang menjadi subjek penelitian terdapat 37% mengalami anemia, sebesar 33,7% ibu dengan kadar besi serum tidak normal (mengalami defisiensi besi), sebesar 30,4% ibu dengan kadar retinol serum tidak normal (mengalami defisiensi vitamin A) dan 15,2% ibu dengan kadar total protein serum tidak normal (kekurangan protein). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar besi serum dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan nilai P= 0,001, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar retinol serum dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan nilai P = 0,008. dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar total protein serum dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil dengan nilai P = 0,191 (p>0,05 ). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar besi serum, kadar retinol serum dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar total protein serum dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil.

Background: The program of iron supplementation for prevention and control pregnant women anaemia have been executed since 1975, but until now the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women is still relatively high. Based on survey result of anaemia in 2005, that the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Bungo District by 40%. Incidence of anaemia among pregnant women, caused by deficiency nutrients such as iron, protein, folid acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and copper. Objective: To assess relationship between iron status (serum iron levels), vitamin A status (serum retinol levels), protein status (serum levels of total protein) with the incidence of anaemia among pregnant women in Bungo District, Jambi Province. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional design. The research subject as many as 92 pregnant women trimester II and III were listed in 17 area health centers in Bungo district in 2009. Each research subject was taken by 5 ml of venous blood to be examined levels of hemoglobin, serum level, serum retinol levels and serum protein levels. Hemoglobin level was checked with cyanmethemoglobin method, parameters of iron status were serum iron levels with chromazurol method B (CAB), the status of vitamin A was the serum retinol concentration by HPLC method, the status of the protein was serum total protein concentration by photometric colorimetric method. Subject characteristic data was obtained through interviews before taking venous blood sampling. The results were examined by chi square analysis with significant value < 0.05. Results: The result of study showed that out of 92 pregnant womens, 37% of them had anaemia, 33,7% had abnormal serum iron l (iron deficiency), 30,4% had abnormal serum retinol (vitamin A deficiency ) and 15.2% had abnormal serum protein total (protein deficiency) . There was a significant relationship between level of serum iron with incidence of anaemia in pregnant womens P = 0.001, there was a significant relationship between level of serum retinol with the incidence anaemia in pregnant womens P = 0.008, and there was no significant relationship between level of serum protein total with the incidence of anaemia in pregnant womens with p = 0.191 (P> 0,05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between level of serum iron, serum retinol with incidence anaemia in pregnant womens. There was no relationship between levels of serum protein total with the incidence of anaemia in pregnant womens.

Kata Kunci : Anemia, besi serum, retinol serum, total protein serum, ibu hami