PENGARUH GOOD GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI PROPINSI PAPUA BARAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI KELEMBAGAAN BARU

Kostantinus Edward Jenner Renjaan, SE., Prof. Dr. Wihana Kirana Jaya, M.Soc.Sc.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Good governance dan pengentasan kemiskinan memiliki hubungan yang cukup kuat, karena Good governance dapat mempangaruhi tingkat kemiskinan melalui kualitas pelayanan publik yang disediakan oleh suatu rezim pemerintahan. Kemiskinan yang cukup tinggi di Propinsi Papua Barat terjadi karena lemahnya tata kelola pemerintahan (good governance) dengan variabel pokok adalah rendahnya tingkat partsipasi warga masyarakat dalam penentuan kebijakan publik, (voice and accountability), rendahnya kualitas pelayanan publik, kinerja birokrasi, independensi birokrasi, dan kredibilitas pemerintahan dalam melaksanakan kebijakan (government effectiveness) rendahnya keberpihakan kebijakan-kebijakan publik untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif (regulatory quality) dan rendahnya pelaksanaan dan penegakan hukum (rule of law) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh variabelvariabel good governance mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan di propinsi Papua Barat. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tingkat Kemiskinan, sedangkan variabel-variabel independen-nya yaitu voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality dan rule of law. Metode ekonometri untuk menganalisis pengaruh good governance terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di propinsi Papua Barat dalam perspektif ekonomi kelembagaan baru menggunakan metode analisis regresi binary logistic. Untuk menilai ketepatan model dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan nilai chi square dengan uji hosmer and lemeshow goodness of fit test. Hasil estimasi dengan menggunakan metode binary logistic menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap probablitas tingkat kemiskinan di propinsi Papua Barat. Ketiga variabel tersebut adalah (voice and accountability, regulatory quality dan rule of law) sedangkan variabel government effectiveness berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan.

Good governance and poverty alleviation were closely related because the good governance could influence the poverty level through the quality of the public services delivered by a government regime. The difference between successful economy and unsuccessful economy was found in the government institutional policies or infrastructures that supported economic activities. Good infrastructures would support production and the production subsequently supported the economic activities. The difference between rich country institutions and poor country institutions also played an important role. It was because the government institutions were the ones that created both formal and informal rules. The high level of the poverty in West Papua province took place because of the lack of the good governance with the main variables of low participation of people in public policy making (i.e., voice and accountability), the low quality of public services, bureaucracy, bureaucratic independence, and government credibility in the implementation of the policies (i.e., government effectiveness), the lack of public policies that created conducive business climate (i.e., regulatory quality) and the weak law enforcement (i.e., rule of law). The study aimed at analyzing how significant was the impact of the good governance variables on the poverty level of West Papua province. The dependent variable of the study was poverty level, while the independent variables were voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law. Econometric method was used to analyze the impact of the good governance on the alleviation of the poverty in West Papua province in the perspective of new institutional economy using logistic binary regression analysis. The appropriateness of the study’s model was measured using Chi square value with Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness of fit test. The results of the estimation using the logistic binary method showed that there were three variables that had significant impact on the probability of the poverty level in Wes Papua province. The three variables were voice and accountability, regulatory quality and rule of law, while the variable of government effectiveness did not have any significant impact.

Kata Kunci : Tata Kelola Pemerintahan, pengentasan kemiskinan