APLIKASI DESAIN EKOLOGIS DALAM KARYA ARSITEKTUR KEN YEANG

APLIMON JEROBISONIF, ST, Dr. Ir. Ahmad Sarwadi, M.Eng.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Isu ekologis saat ini menjadi suatu yang sering didengungkan oleh para arsitek pada dewasa ini. Dalam perkembangannya muncul berbagai paradigma dalam perancangan untuk isu ini diantaranya bioclimatic architecture, green architecture, solar architecture , energy efficient architecture yang ditujukan sebagai respon akan sebuah arsitektur yang berkelanjutan. Dalam tulisan Jenks dan Kropf (1997) dengan judul Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture, Ken Yeang dimasukkan sebagai salah satu arsitek ekologis dengan beberapa tema desain yang coba diungkapkan dari tulisan bukunya Tropical Urban Regionalism (1997) dan Bioclimatic Skyscrapers (1994). Kemudian oleh Fuad-Luke, Alastair (2009) menyebutkan beberapa tema dari design Ken Yeang terutama dalam tulisan Bioclimatic Skyscrapers yaitu : Design with climate, Life-cycle energy costs, Users' sense of well-being, Energyconserving agenda, Abiotic/biotic relationships, Variable deep air zones, Transitional spaces, Building skin, Homeostatic system. Hal tersebut menggambarkan bahwa desain Ken Yeang dapat dianggap mewakili sebuah konsep desain yang ekologis. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma rasionalistik dengan metode content analysis bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode dan aplikasi desain ekologis yang dilakukan Ken Yeang dalam perkembangan karya-karya arsitekturnya. Hasil penelitian secara umum menemukan bahwa dalam konteks desain ekologis ada dua konsep utama yang digunakan yaitu : (1) pendekatan desain bioclimatic yang merupakan wujud physical integration dengan tujuaan desain passive dan low energy system dengan memperhatikan faktor kenyamanan penghuni (2) pendekatan desain ecomimicry yang merupakan wujud systemic dan temporal integration dengan tujuan mendapatkan desain yang ekologis didalam seluruh daur hidup bangunan. Konsep desain ekologis kemudian dijabarkan dalam prinsip utama yaitu (1) no waste no problem, (2)a natural design system, (3) understanding the ecology of the site,(4) designing for low energy system, dan (5)integration with nature. Selanjutnya diterapkan dalam aplikasi desain ekologis Ken Yeang dengan beberapa fitur yang dikelompokkan menjadi: (1) Orientasi dan konfigurasi bangunan, (2) Landscape dan Penanaman, (3) Desain Fasad Bangunan, dan (4) Material dan Komponen Ekologis.

Ecological issues has become a frequently echoed by the architects of today. In the various paradigms of development emerged in the design for this issue include bioclimatic architecture, green architecture, solar architecture, energy efficient architecture is intended as a response to a sustainable architecture. In writing Jenks and Kropf (1997) with the title Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture, Ken Yeang included as one of the architects of ecological design with a few themes that try to be disclosed from writing his book, Tropical Urban Regionalism (1997) and Bioclimatic skyscrapers (1994). Then by Fuad-Luke, Alastair (2009) mentions some of the design themes in the writings of Ken Yeang, especially Bioclimatic skyscrapers are: Design with climate, Lifecycle energy costs, the Users' sense of well-being, Energy-conserving agenda, Abiotic / biotic relationships, Variable deep water zones, Transitional spaces, Building skins, Homeostatic systems. This illustrates that the design of Ken Yeang can be considered to represent a concept of ecological design. Research using rationalistic paradigm with the method of content analysis aims to determine the method and application of ecological design by Ken Yeang in the development of architectural works The result of research found that in the context of ecological design there are two main concepts used, namely: (1) bioclimatic design approach which is a physical manifestation tujuaan integration with passive design and low energy system with respect to occupant comfort factor (2) which is a design approach ecomimicry form of systemic and temporal integration in order to get ecological design in the entire building life cycle. The concept of ecological design and then translated into key principles: (1) no waste no problems, (2) a natural design system, (3) understanding the ecology of the site, (4) designing for low energy systems, and (5) integration with nature. Subsequently applied in the application of ecological design Ken Yeang among many others with some features that are grouped into: (1) Orientation and configuration of the building, (2) Landscape and planting, (3) Building Facade Design, and (4) Material and Component Ecological.

Kata Kunci : Metode dan Aplikasi Desain Ekologis, Ken Yeang