Pemanfaatan tanin daun nangka untuk meningkatkan nilai rumen undegraded protein pada bahan pakan protein tinggi

SASONGKO, Wahidin Teguh, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, SU

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Tanin merupakan senyawa polyphenol dengan bobot molekul yang tinggi dan mempunyai kemampuan mengikat protein. Tanin diklasifikasikan dalam dua kelompok, yaitu tanin hidrolisis dan tanin kondensasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemanfaatan tanin daun nangka untuk meningkatkan nilai rumen undegraded protein pada bahan pakan protein tinggi pada ternak ruminansia. Penelitian mempunyai tiga tahap penelitian yaitu : 1. penentuan kadar tanin daun nangka dan penentuan kadar tanin kondensasi daun nangka yang tumbuh di daerah dengan empat jenis tanah yang berbeda (regosol, mediteran, latosol, grumosol), 2. optimalisasi binding tanin daun nangka dengan protein bovine serum albumin 3. uji aplikasi in vitro Tilley and Terry antara proteksi tanin daun nangka pada bahan pakan protein tinggi. Bahan pakan protein tinggi yang digunakan adalah tepung kedelai dengan empat level penambahan tanin kondensasi (0%; 0,7%; 1,4%; 2,1%) digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi : kadar total phenol; kadar total tanin; kadar tanin kondensasi; pH; amonia (NH3); protein mikrobia; asam lemak volatile (VFA); kecernaan protein rumen, pasca rumen dan total; kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) rumen, pasca rumen dan total; kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) rumen, pasca rumen dan total. Percobaan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar tanin dan tanin kondensasi daun nangka yang tertinggi berasal dari lokasi dengan jenis tanah mediteran. Kadar tanin daun nangka yang berasal dari jenis tanah mediteran adalah kadar total phenol 10,63%, total tanin 7,08% dan tanin kondensasi 5,57%. Kadar tanin kondensasi yang optimum dapat terikat dengan protein bovine serum albumin adalah 1 g tanin dapat mengikat 23,15 g protein BSA atau 1 g tanin kondensasi dapat mengikat protein BSA sebesar 28,89 g. Hasil uji kecernaan secara in vitro dengan metode Tilley and Terry bahwa bahan pakan protein tinggi yang diproteksi dengan tanin kondensasi daun nangka berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pH. Perlakuan penambahan tanin kondensasi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap NH3, protein mikrobia dan proporsi VFA. Kecernaan protein kasar dalam rumen berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada perlakuan dengan penambahan tanin kondensasi 0,7%, disamping itu perlakuan dapat menurunkan kecernaan protein kasar di dalam rumen. Kecernaan protein kasar total tidak berbeda nyata, namun KcBK dan KcBO mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa penambahan tanin kondensasi 0,7% adalah level optimum untuk memproteksi bahan pakan protein tinggi dari degradasi mikrobia rumen.

Tannins are polyphenol compounds with high molecular weight and has the ability to bind proteins. Tannins are classified into two categories, namely hydrolysable tannin and condensed tannin. In this research, the utilization of jackfruit leaf tannins to enhance the value of rumen undegraded protein at high protein feedstuffs in ruminants. The research had three phases of research which were: 1. Determine the concentration of jackfruit leaf tannins and condensed tannins that grow in areas with four different soil types (regosol, Mediterranean, latosol and grumosol), 2. Optimization of jackfruit leaf tannins binding with bovine serum albumin protein 3. Test the application of in vitro Tilley and Terry between protection jackfruit leaf tannins on the high-protein feedstuffs. Highprotein feed materials being used were four levels of soybean meal with the addition of condensed tannin (0%; 0,7%; 1,4%; 2,1%) were used as treatments. The parameters observed included: content of total phenol, content of total tannins, condensed tannin concentration, pH, ammonia (NH3); microbial protein, volatile fatty acids (VFA), protein digestibility of rumen, post-rumen and total; digestibility of dry matter rumen (DMD) , post-rumen and total; organic matter digestibility rumen (OMD), post-rumen and total. Experiments conducted with complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the levels of tannins and condensed tannins highest jackfruit leaf from location with Mediterranean type of soil. Jackfruit leaf tannin content originating from Mediterranean soil type is the total phenol content of 10,63%, total tannins of 7,08% and condensed tannins 5.57%. The optimum levels of condensed tannins can be bound with the protein bovine serum albumin is 1 g tannin can bind to 23,15 g BSA protein or 1 g condensed tannin can bind at 28,89 g BSA proteins. Results in vitro digestibility test with Tilley and Terry method that the highprotein feed ingredient is protected by jackfruit leaf condensed tannins. significantly (P <0,05) affected pH value. The addition of condensed tannin treatment did not affect significantly of NH3, microbial protein and VFA proportions. Value digestibility of crude protein in the rumen was significantly affected (P <0,05) by the treatment with the addition of 0.7% condensed tannin, besides the respective treatment could reduce crude protein digestibility in the rumen. Total crude protein digestibility was not significantly different, but DMD and OMD decreased compared with control. The conclusion from this study was that the addition of 0,7% condensed tannins was the optimum level for protecting high-protein feedstuff from rumen microbial degradation.

Kata Kunci : In vitro, Tanin, Total phenol, Total tanin, Tanin kondensasi, Bovine serum albumin, In vitro, Tannins, Total phenols, Total tannins, Condensed tannins, Bovine serum albumin