Hubungan higiene perorangan, sanitasi lingkungan rumah dan sekolah dengan infeksi soil transmited helminths pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I Kabupaten Kulonprogo Yogyakarta

SOFIANA, iena, Dra. Sri Sumarni, DAP

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar Belakang : Angka kejadian penyakit kecacingan diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi terutama pada anak-anak. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I mencapai 7.87 %. Kunci pemberantasan kecacingan adalah memperbaiki higiene dan sanitasi lingkungan. Berdasarkan observasi higiene perorangan dan sanitasi lingkungan di wilayah tersebut masih rendah. Penelitian mengenai hubungan antara infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dengan higiene dan sanitasi lingkungan pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I ini belum pernah dilakukan sehingga dirumuskan apakah higiene perorangan, sanitasi lingkungan rumah dan sekolah merupakan faktor risiko. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara higiene perorangan dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah serta sekolah dengan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I. Metode Penelitian : jenis penelitian analitik yang bersifat observasional dengan desain penelitian case control (kasus kontrol). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei tinja dan wawancara. Pemeriksaan tinja menggunakan metode Kato Katz dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terhadap responden yaitu 52 kasus dan 104 kontrol. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara higiene perorangan dengan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (OR=5,87 P=0,000), ada hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan rumah dengan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (OR=3,83 P=0,000) dan tidak ada hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan sekolah dengan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (OR=1,74 P=0,37) pada anak sekolah dasar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokap I Kulon Progo. Simpulan : Ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (P<0,05) antara higiene perorangan dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah dengan infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths, sedangkan sanitasi lingkungan sekolah menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan.

Background: The incidence of worm infection in various areas of Indonesia is relatively high, especially the worm infection in children. The prior study indicated the prevalence of soil transmitted Helminths infection of elementary school children in the working area of Puskesmas Kokap I are was 7.87%. The key factors in the eradication of the worm infection are improving hygiene and environment sanitation. The personal hygiene and environment sanitation observation in the area is not good. Study of correlation between the soil transmitted Helminths infection of children and the hygiene and environment sanitation in the working area of Puskesmas Kokap I has not been conducted and hence the study question is formulated as: Are personal hygiene and school and house environment sanitation as the risk factors? Objectives: To investigate the correlation between the personal hygiene and the school and house environment sanitation and the soil transmitted Helminths infection of the children in the working area of Puskesmas Kokap I. Method: It is an analytic and observational study with case control design. The data is collected using faecal survey and interview. The faecal examination is conducted using Kato Katz method and the interview is conducted using questionnaire with the respondents of 52 cases and 104 controls. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant correlation between the personal hygiene and the soil transmitted Helminths infection (OR = 5.87 P = 0.000); there is a significant correlation between house and school environment sanitation and the soil transmitted Helminths infection (OR = 3.83 P = 0.000); and there is not any significant correlation between the school environment sanitation and the soil transmitted Helminths infection (OR = 1.74 P = 0.37) of the elementary school children int the working area of Puskesmas Kokap I Kulon Progo. Conclusion: There is statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between the personal hygiene and the house environment sanitation and the soil transmitted Helminths infection, while the school environment sanitation does not show any significant correlation.

Kata Kunci : Soil transmited helminths,Higine perorangan,Sanitasi lingkungan rumah,Sanitasi lingkungan sekolah