Enklave bahasa Galela di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai

IBRAHIM, Marwia Hi, Dr. Inyo Yos Fernandez

2010 | Tesis | S2 Linguistik

Bahasa Galela adalah salah satu bahasa non Austronesia. Penutur asli bahasa Galela ada di Galela Halmahera Utara. Pulau Morotai adalah enklave bahasa Galela. Konon penduduk asli pulau Morotai adalah “orang Moro” yang berbahasa Moro. Saat ini Morotai memiliki satu komunitas yang mengidentifikasikan diri mereka dengan sebutan “orang Morotai”, tetapi mereka tidak menyebut bahasa yang mereka gunakan sebagai bahasa Morotai karena di sana ada beberapa bahasa, salah satu diantaranya adalah variasi bahasa Galela. Bahasa Galela telah banyak diteliti para ahli linguistik, ahli etnografi maupun para misionaris. Tetapi sepengetahuan penulis, belum ada penelitian tentang hubungan Bahasa Galela dengan variasi bahasa Galela di enklave Morotai maupun di tempat lainnya. Dengan demikian, penelitian tentang enklave bahasa Galela di kabupaten pulau Morotai dalam perbandingannya dengan bahasa Galela di Halmahera Utara masih relevan diteliti. Masalah dari Penelitian ini adalah bagaimana ciri-ciri fonologi, leksikal, morfologi dan sintaksis antara variasi bahasa Galela di enklave Morotai dan bahasa Galela di Galela; dan untuk menentukan relasi historis antar keduanya; serta menjelaskan mengapa variasi bahasa Galela lebih dominan digunakan oleh komunitas Morotai daripada variasi- variasi bahasa lain. Daftar swadesh, daftar tanya tentang kosa kata budaya dasar digunakan untuk menjaring data dengan cara catat, rekam, simak dan sadap. Data dianalisis dengan metode Padan Intralingual, teknik leksikostatistik dan dialektometri serta metode inovasi bersama yang bersifat ekslusif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tiga titik pengamatan dan setiap lokasi dipilih tiga informan. Lokasinya meliputi Desa Daeo di Morotai Selatan, Desa Sangowo dan Mira di Morotai Timur, dan sebagai pembandingnya adalah bahasa Moro dan bahasa Galela di wilayah Galela Halmahera Utara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dari sejumlah ciri Fonologis, leksikal, morfologis dan sintaksis menunjukan pada kita bahwa hubungan antara variasi bahasa Galela di enklave Morotai dengan Bahasa Galela di Halmahera Utara adalah hubungan Dialek Bahasa dan sesuai dengan hasil penghitungan berdasarkan metode leksikostatistik dan dialektometri. Variasi bahasa Galela dituturkan oleh penutur aslinya, dan juga oleh penutur variasi bahasa lain, karena jumlah penuturnya lebih banyak daripada yang lain, maka ia menjadi salah satu bahasa penghubung antara penutur variasi bahasa Galela dengan penutur variasi bahasa lain.

Galela language is one of the non Austronesian languages. The native speakers of Galela exist in Galela, North Halmahera. Morotai Island is the enclave of Galela language. It was said that the native inhabitants of this island are “orang Moro” who speak Moro language. Nowadays, Morotai posses a community which identifies themselves as “orang Morotai”. However, they do not call the language they speak as Morotai language due to the fact that there ae several languages there, one of which is the variety of Galela Language. Galela language has been frequently researched by the linguists,ethnographers, as well as the missionaries. In present writer’s best knowledge there have not been any researches conducted on the relationship between Galela language and its variation in Morotai enclave as well as in any other places. Thus, the research on the enclave of Galela language in Morotai Island Regency in its comparison with Galela language in North Halmahera is relevant to be performed. The research proposes some statements of the problem, such as: what the phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactical characteristics of both the variety of Galela language in Morotai enclave and Galela language in Galela and; how the historical relations among them are determined; and why the variety of Galela language is more dominantly used by the Morotai community than other language varieties. Swadesh list and list of questions on basic cultural vocabularies are used to acquire data by ways of noting down, recording, listening and tapping. Data were analyzed by using intralingual correlation method, lexicostatistic, and dialectometry as well as exclusively shared innovation method. Data were collected on three observation spots and three informants were elected from each location. The location cover Daeo village in South Morotai, Sangowo and Mira village in East Morotai. Meanwhile, as the comparisons are Moro and Galela languages in Galela region, North Halmahera. The research concludes that from a number of phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactical characteristics, it is shown that the relationship between the variety of Galela language in Morotai enclave anda Galela language in North Halmahera is language dialect relationship and is relevant with the results of calculation based on lexicostatistics and dialectometry methods. The variety of Galela language is spoken by the native speakers as well as the speakers of other language varieties. As the number of its speakers is bigger, it becomes one of the languages used between the speakers of Galela language variety and the speakers of other language varieties.

Kata Kunci : Leksikostatisti,Dialektometri,Metode inovasi bersama,Padan intralingual