Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai bahan pemutih terhadap perubahan warna gigi yang mengalami pewarnaan ekstrinsik teh (Camellia sinensis)

HENDARI, Ratnawati, Dr. drg. Siti Sunarintyas, M.Kes

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi-Biomaterial

Teh menyebabkan pewarnaan pada permukaan luar gigi (ekstrinsik) atau melekat pada pelikel. Pelikel adalah protein saliva yang menutupi permukaan luar gigi. Getah pepaya mengandung papain yaitu enzim proteolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya sebagai bahan pemutih terhadap perubahan warna gigi yang mengalami pewarnaan ekstrinsik teh. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak getah pepaya dan gigi premolar yang telah dicabut. Sampel gigi dipotong sebatas servikal dan ditanam dalam balok gips ukuran (2x2x) cm kecuali permukaan labial. Dua puluh empat sampel diberi pewarnaan dengan direndam dalam saliva selama 2 jam dan dilanjutkan kedalam larutan teh selama 6 jam. Perendaman dilakukan dalam waterbath 370 C. Sampel gigi dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan dan diputihkan dengan direndam dalam masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya 0% (kontrol), 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 1% dan 2%. Kromameter CR 200 digunakan untuk mengukur warna awal, setelah perendaman dalam teh dan setelah perendaman dalam ekstrak getah pepaya. Perubahan warna (ΔE*) dihitung menggunakan rumus [(ΔL)2 + (Δa)2 + (Δb)2]1/2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan one way ANOVA (α=0,05) dilanjutkan uji LSD0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan warna (ΔE*) meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi getah pepaya dan mencapai puncak pada konsentrasi 0,5% sebesar 3,169. Perubahan warna pada masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya berpengaruh terhadap pemutihan gigi yang mengalami pewarnaan ekstrinsik teh, dan ekstrak getah pepaya pada konsentrasi 0,5% (w/v; g/100 ml) merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk memutihkan gigi yang mengalami pewarnaan ekstrinsik teh sebesar 94,52%.

Tea could stain the teeth by binding to pellicle, such kind of saliva protein covering the teeth. Papaya latex contains papain, one of proteolytic enzymes that may degrade the protein to give a whitening effect. This study was aimed to determine the influence of papaya latex extract concentration as teeth whitener on the color changes of teeth after being stained by tea. The materials used in this study were papaya latex extract and extracted premolar teeth. Papaya latex extract was collected from young papaya fruits cut in the tree. Teeth sample were cut at cervical and were planted in the (2x2x1) cm gypsum block, except labial side. Twenty-four extracted teeth were used as experimental samples. These samples were stained by soaked with saliva for 2 hours and proceed into the tea solution for 6 hours soaking. These soaking were carried out in the water bath under controlled temperature at 370 C. Afterward, the stained teeth was divided into six groups (each contained four teeth) and were whitened by soaking in each concentration of papaya latex extract of 0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%, respectively. The change of teeth color was measured by determining the initial teeth color, after being soaking in tea solution and after being soaking at the papaya latex. The teeth color was measured by Chromameter CR 200, while the color change (ΔE*) was calculated using the formula [(ΔL)2 + (Δa)2 + (Δb) 2]1/2 . The data were analyzed using the one way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and followed by LSD0,05 test. The results showed that the color changes was greater as concentration of papaya latex extract increased. The biggest changing was observed at 0.5% concentration, being 3.169, and afterward was declined. The color changing on each concentration were significantly different (p<0.05) each other. This study showed that concentration of papaya latex extract has a whitener effect on teeth stained by tea. The concentration of papaya latex extract of 0.5% (w/v; g/100 ml) was the best concentration to whiten teeth stained by tea with the degree of whitening of 94.52%.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak getah pepaya,Pemutih gigi,Perubahan warna, papaya latex extract, whitening teeth, color changes