Patung primitif Desa Pucung Pendowoharjo Bantul Yogyakarta

FUDHAIL, Budi Streptiardi, Dr. M. Dwi Marianto, M.F.A

2009 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Patung primitif adalah sejenis patung yang digunakan untuk perantaraan menyembah kepada para Dewa dan Dewi, atau menghormati roh nenek moyang. Beberapa patung merupakan perwujudan para dewa, nenek moyang mereka, kepala suku, pemimpin yang dihormati, yang dapat memberikan rasa aman, kemakmuran dan memberikan kesuburan kepada mereka. Oleh sebab itu mereka memujanya. Pada waktu itu, orang percaya bahwa ada kekuatan terkandung di patung itu. Mereka begitu yakin bahwa melauli patung tersebut mereka menyampaikan hal-hal yang mereka inginkan, yaitu melalui pemujaan di tempat-tempat suci. Melalui perkembangan waktu, manusia memproduk ulang, beberapa mencoba meniru dari aslinya, beberapa lagi menghasilkan karya-karya baru. Dengan isinya terdiri yang agak komikus, agak berlebihan, beberapa bertujuan seks. Jenis-jenis karya ini banyak tersebar luas, pembelinya adalah kaum turis, kebanyakan mereka membeli sebagai barang souvenir. Mereka membeli dengan alasan, pertama mereka tertarik, kedua patungpatung sangatlah murah bila dibandingkan dengan nilai US dolar di Indonesia. Produk-produk yang dihasilkan pertama mereka meniru dari yang asli, selanjutnya mereka malakukan sedikit inovasi, selanjutnya pemesanan dalam jumlah kontainer. Sejalan dengan adanya krisis ekonomi, permodalan mereka juga ikut merosot/menurun. Pengaruh patung primitif di Pucung, Pendowoharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta, benar-benar berlainan dengan aslinya. Tidak lagi ada unsur jiwanya di dalam patung tersebut, mereka saat ini membuat dengan tidak mengerti filosofi patung sakral aslinya. Dengan sendirinya kualitas dari berbagai aspek nilainya sudah menurun dari aslinya yang semula sebagai sarana ritual kemudian menjadi karya komersial.

Primitive statue is a kind of statue which was used as a medium to worship their Gods or to honor the soul of the ancestral. The statues are a representation of their God or Goddess even some are to honor the Ancestor, these ancestral may be consist of their King, the leader of a tribe, an honor to the late prominent figure who is able to give many kinds in the living such as to keep prosperous, securities in their life, can give fertility, etc. So people to worship them. Many people formerly believe there is some power inside the statue, thus be able to fulfill what they want to convey. These statues they believe always through their power can fulfill what they want, through their worship in special clean places. Through the development of the time, people produced this statue, some try to imitate similar to the origin; most are as the new product which has certain identity, more comics, exaggerated, some a bit sexual purposed. This kind of product become wide spread, tend to be collected by certain people as a tourist, this people purchased this kind work of art as souvenir. They bought these, because firstly they interested in having statues, secondly because it cost only for some US dollar, meaning in Indonesia, this crafts is very cheap certainly. At the beginning, this kind of product always try to imitate the origin, by the time they made with a bit innovation, and sell in the big amount, even as the consumer need in the big party. They produced in a big amount (container measure). Together with economic crisis, their financial follow it going down. The influence in the primitive statue in Pucung, Pendowoharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta was totally different to the origin. There is no more holy spirit inside the statue, since now on the craftsman didn’t know how to apply the philosophy in making the art behind the origin statue, thus the quality of the art is very poor in the whole aspect.

Kata Kunci : Penghormatan kepada roh,Inovasi,Peniraan