Adsorpsi limbah deterjen menggunakan arang
MARGIYATI, Tri, Ir. Rochmadi, S.U., Ph.D
2008 | Tesis | S2 Teknik KimiaLimbah deterjen merupakan limbah hasil pencucian, jika dibuang langsung ke sungai maka akan menimbulkan pencemaran dan mengganggu biota air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan arang dari tempurung kelapa sebagai adsorben dalam menjerap dodecil benzen sulfonat (DBS) yang terdapat pada limbah deterjen dengan sistem batch. Proses adsorpsi DBS menggunakan 2 cara yaitu pengadukan dan penggoyangan yang dilakukan pada suhu lingkungan (32°C) dan suhu 50°C. Sebanyak 10 mL limbah cair DBS dengan konsentrasi 10 sampai 60 ppm ditambah arang 3 gram lalu diaduk, diambil setelah 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180 menit dan seterusnya sampai terjadi kesetimbangan. Pada variabel pH ( 5, 6, 8 dan 10), konsentrasi larutan DBS yang digunakan adalah 10, 20, 30 dan 60 ppm dengan cara pengadukan pada suhu 32°C. Sampel diambil setelah 120 , 180 dan 300 menit. Jenis arang yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah arang dari tempurung kelapa yang dicuci dan dikeringkan dengan cara dioven. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan cara pengadukan, suhu dan pH berpengaruh terhadap prosentase massa DBS yang diadsorpsi. Pada percobaan dengan cara penggoyangan pada suhu 32°C, persen berat adsorbat terjerap berkisar antara 45,087–56,087%, sedangkan pada suhu 50°C berkisar antara 46,65–58,02%. Pada percobaan dengan cara pengadukan pada suhu lingkungan, persen berat adsorbat terjerap berkisar antara 51,68–66,35%, sedangkan pada suhu 50°C berkisar antara 53,25– 68,44%. Pada pH 5 persen berat adsorbat terjerap berkisar antara 60,80–72,86%, pH 6 antara 55,83– 69,44 %, pH 8 antara 58,68–71,29% dan pH 10 antara 46,87–64,08%. Proses adsorpsi larutan deterjen dengan menggunakan arang cenderung mengikuti model isoterm Freundlich, karena memberikan kesalahan relatif yang lebih kecil dibandingkan model isoterm Langmuir. Pada suhu 32°C nilai KL= 0,1966 g/g, aL= 0,0502 g/g, Kf = 0,2609 g/g dan n= 1,4771, suhu 50°C nilai KL= 0,2130 g/g, aL= 0,0531 g/g, Kf = 0,2740 g/g dan n= 1,4654. Pada pH 5 nilai KL= 0,3006 g/g, aL= 0,0521 g/g, Kf = 0,3389 g/g dan n= 1,3285, pH 6 nilai KL= 0,2582 g/g, aL= 0,0503 g/g, Kf = 0,3021 g/g dan n= 1,3572, pH 8 nilai KL= 0,2807 g/g, aL= 0,0512 g/g, Kf = 0,3216 g/g dan n= 1,3407. Dan pada pH 10 nilai KL= 0,1988 g/g, aL= 0,0496 g/g, Kf = 0,2512 g/g dan n= 1,429
Washing activities produce detergent waste, when it is flown to the river, it will pollute the river and interfere water biota. The aim of this research is to know the ability of charcoal of the coconut shell in adsorbing dodecil benzene sulfonat (DBS) from the detergent waste in batch system. The process of DBS adsorption used 2 methods, stirring and shaking which were conducted in environmental temperature (32°C) and 50°C. The amount of 10 mL DBS liquid waste (with the concentration of 10 to 60 ppm) was added to 3 grams of charcoal, then mixed. The sample was taken at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes respectively until equilibrium was achieved. In variable of pH (5, 6, 8 and 10) the concentration of DBS used were 10, 20, 30 and 60 ppm, and the experiment was conducted by stirring at the temperature of 32°C. Sample was taken at 120, 180 and 300 minutes. The type of charcoal used in this research was made of coconut shell which had been washed and dried in the oven. The results showed that the mixing method, temperature and pH have influence upon the percentage of DBS adsorbed. In the experiment conducted by shaking at the temperature of 32°C, the percentage of DBS adsorbed was approximately 45,08-56,087% m/m, where as at the temperature of 50°C, the percentage of DBS adsorbed was between 46,65-58,02% m/m. In the experiment conducted by stirring at the environmental temperature, the percentage of DBS adsorbed was between 51,68-66,35%, where as at the temperature of 50°C percentage of DBS adsorbed was between 53,25-68,44% m/m. At pH 5, the percentage of DBS adsorbed was approximately 60,80- 72,86% m/m, at pH 6 was between 55,83-69,44% m/m, at pH 8 was between 58,68-71,29% m/m and at pH 10 was between 46,87-64,08% m/m. The adsorption process of DBS by charcoal tends to follow the Freundlich’s isotherm model, because it gives smaller relative deviation compared with Langmuir’s isotherm model. At the temperature of 32°C, KL= 0,1966 g/g, aL= 0,0502 g/g, Kf = 0,2609 g/g and n= 1,4771, temperature of 50°C KL= 0,2130 g/g, aL= 0,0531 g/g, Kf = 0,2740 g/g and n= 1,4654. At pH 5 KL= 0,3006 g/g, aL= 0,0521 g/g, Kf = 0,3389 g/g and n= 1,3285, at pH 6 KL= 0,2582 g/g, aL= 0,0503 g/g, Kf = 0,3021 g/g and n= 1,3572, at pH 8 KL= 0,2807 g/g, aL= 0,0512 g/g, Kf = 0,3216 g/g and n= 1,3407. And at pH 10 KL= 0,1988 g/g, aL= 0,0496 g/g, Kf = 0,2512 g/g and n= 1,4298.
Kata Kunci : adsorpsi,Adsoben,Arang,DBS, adsorption, adsorbent, charcoal
