Hubungan pola makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI) dan status gizi bayi 6-12 bulan di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

NURHAYADI, Eddy, dr. M. Jufrie, SpAK, Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Permasalahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekurangan gizi adalah rendahnya intake zat gizi, khususnya pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan sangat tergantung dari air susu ibu dan makanan pendamping air susu ibu. Hal ini tentunya sangat dipengaruhi oleh pola makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI) yang diberikan. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui hubungan pola makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI) dan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode Penelitian : Termasuk penelitian observasional dengan deskriptip analitik menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan simpel random sampling. Sampel adalah bayi usia 6-12 bulan yang mendapat ASI dan MP-ASI dengan jumlah 204 responden. Variabel bebas adalah jenis MP-ASI, intake energi dan protein serta frekwensi pemberian ASI dan variabel terikat adalah status gizi. Analisa data statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil : Sebagian besar responden diberi MP-ASI pabrikan adalah 46,6%, MP-ASI tradisional 30,4% dan MP-ASI kombinasi 23,0%, menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan proporsi antara responden dengan Jenis MP-ASI (p=0,383). Sebagian besar responden yang mempunyai intake energi dan protein dari MP-ASI (AKG) adalah 45,1% dan 85,3%, menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan proporsi antara intake energi dan protein dari MP-ASI (AKG), p= 0,369 dan p= 0,201. Sebagian besar responden dengan frekwensi pemberian ASI > 6 Kali sehari adalah 76,6% dan < 6 kali sehari adalah 69,7%. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis MP-ASI, intake energi dan protein dengan status gizi tetapi ada hubungan antara frekwensi pemberian ASI dengan status gizi pada bayi.

Background: One factor that causes the prevalence of undernourishment is low intake of nutrients, particularly in infants of 6 – 12 months that largely depend on breastmilk and complementary breastfeeding. This is greatly affected by consumption pattern of complementary breastfeeding provided. Objective: To identify the relationship between consumption pattern of complementary breastfeeding and nutrition status of infants of 6 – 12 months at Kendari Municipality, Province of Sulawesi Tenggara. Method: The study was observational with descriptive analytic cross sectional design. Samples were selected using simple random sampling technique, consisting of 204 infants of 6 – 12 months that were breastfed and given complementary breastfeeding. The independent variables were types of complementary breastfeeding, intake of energy and protein and frequency of breastfeeding; the dependent variable was nutrition status. Statistical data analysis used chi-square or fishers exact. Result: As much as 46.6% of respondents got manufactured complementary breastfeeding, 30.4% got traditional complementary breastfeeding, and 23.0% got combined complementary breastfeeding. This showed there was no difference in the proportion among respondents in the consumption and type of complementary breastfeeding (p=0.383). The majority of respondents had intake of energy and protein from complementary breastfeeding (RDA=Recommended Dietary Allowance) as much as 45.1% and 85.3%. This showed there was no difference in proportion between intake of energy and protein from complementary breastfeeding with p=0.369 and p=0.201. The majority of respondents were breastfed > 6 times (76,6%) and the rest were breastfed < 6 times (69,7%). Conclusion: There was no relationship between consumption type of complementary breastfeeding, intake of energy and protein and nutrition status; however, there was relationship between frequency of breastfeeding and nutrition status of infants.

Kata Kunci : Makanan pendamping ASI,Status gizi bayi, complementary breastfeeding, nutrition status