Analisis lingkungan eksternal dan internal dalam rangka pengembangan instalasi pelayanan kesehatan handil bakti RSUD H Abdul Aziz Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

WIWIN, John, Prof. dr. Laksono Trisnantoro, M.Sc., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Instalasi Pelayanan Kesehatan (Yankes) Handil Bakti RSUD Marabahan adalah unit pelayanan yang dibangun tahun 2002 untuk pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan di wilayah selatan Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Lingkungan eksternal yang berkembang dapat menjadi ancaman dan peluang bagi pengembangan Instalasi Yankes. Perpaduan ancaman dan peluang dengan kekuatan serta kelemahan yang berasal dari lingkungan internal harus diidentifikasi sebagai bentuk adaftasi strategis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lingkungan eksternal, lingkungan internal, isu-isu pengembangan, dan strategi pengembangan Instalasi Yankes Handil Bakti. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus pada Instalasi Yankes Handil Bakti. Subjek penelitian adalah stakeholder eksternal dan internal Instalasi Yankes Handil Bakti. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling . Instrumen penelitian adalah pedoman wawancara mendalam, pedoman diskusi kelompok terarah, dan lembar observasi, serta format data sekunder. Analisis wawancara menggunakan thematic content analysis. Proses analisis lingkungan eksternal meliputi scanning, monitoring, forecasting, dan assessing. Proses analisis lingkungan internal meliputi identifikasi, evaluasi dengan data tahun sebelumnya, perbandingan dengan standar, dan kesimpulan berupa kekuatan atau kelemahan. Analisis SWOT menghasilkan isu-isu pengembangan dan strategi pengembangan Instalasi Yankes Handil Bakti. Hasil dan pembahasan: Analisis eksternal menunjukan bahwa stakeholder dan data sekunder mendukung pengembangan Instalasi. Peran pemerintah, masyarakat, asuransi kesehatan, dan tempat pendidikan (Sistem Pelayanan Kesehatan) menunjukan banyak peluang untuk berkembangnya Instalasi. Ancaman muncul akibat informasi yang tidak jelas serta ada nuansa politik yang mempengaruhi pengembangan Instalasi. Analisis Internal menunjukan pertumbuhan pelayanan dan memiliki kelemahan pada budaya organisasi dan beberapa hal dalam aktifitas pendukung. Adaptive strategy yang digunakan adalah strategi pertumbuhan yang fokus pada pelayanan kesehatan Instalasi. Strategi memasuki pasar dilakukan dengan pengembangan internal. Strategi persaingan dilakukan dengan Cost Leadership Strategy. Implementasi strategi dilakukan pada aktifitas pelayanan dan aktifitas pendukung. Kesimpulan:Instalasi Yankes Handil Bakti RSUD H Abdul Aziz Marabahan layak untuk dikembangkan yang dilakukan secara bertahap dengan melakukan pendekatan dan pembicaraan formal dengan stakeholder internal dan eksternal.

Background: Handil Bakti health service installation of Marabahan hospital is a service unit established in 2002 for equal health service distribution at the southern area of District of Barito Kuala. Fast developing external environment can become threats and opportunities for the development of health service installation. A mixture of threats and opportunities, strengths and weaknesses originating from internal environment has to be identified as a form of strategic adaption. Objective: The study aimed to identify external environment, internal environment, issues of development, and development strategy of Handil Bakti health service installation. Method: This was a case study of Handil Bakti health service installation. Subject of the study were external and internal stakeholders of Handil Bakti health service installation. The study used purposive sampling. Research instruments consisted of indepth interview, focus group discussion, observation sheet and secondary data. Analysis of interview used thematic content analysis. Analysis of external environment consisted of scanning and monitoring, forecasting and assessing. Analysis of internal environment consisted of identification, evaluation of former data, comparison with standard and conclusion comprising strengths and weaknesses. SWOT analysis produced issues of development and strategy of development of Handil Bakti health service installation. Result and Discussion: The result of external analysis showed that stakeholders and secondary data supported installation development. The role of government, community, health insurance, and places of education (health service system) indicated that there were lots of opportunities for installation development. Threats emerged as a consequence of unclear information and political issues that affected installation development. The result of internal analysis showed growth of services and weaknesses in organizational culture as well as supporting activities. Adaptive strategy used was growth strategy that focused on installation health service. Strategy of market penetration was developed through internal development. Strategy of competition was developed through cost leadership strategy. Strategy of implementation was made through service and supporting activities. Conclusion and Suggestion: Handil Bakti health service installation of H. Abdul Aziz Marabahan hospital was feasible to be developed in stages through formal approach and discussion with internal and external stakeholders.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan eksternal,Lingkungan internal,Analisis SWOT,Strategi pertumbuhan,Pengembangan internal,Cost leadership strategy,Implementasi strategi, internal environment, external environment, SWOT analysis, growth strategy, cost leadership strategy, interna