Pengendalian hayati dan mekanis terhadap hama penggerek buah kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella) di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

SENEWE, Rein Estefanus, Prof. Dr. Ir. F.X. Wagiman, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)) merupakan hama utama kakao dan sangat merugikan karena dapat menurunkan produksi lebih dari 80% serta tersebar luas di Indonesia. Bioinsektisida berbahan aktif Bacillus thuringiensis (Batindo+1 WP dan Dipel WP) serta Beauveria bassiana dibandingkan dengan pembrongsongan buah dengan kantung plastik telah dikaji untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian PBK yang efektif. Kajian efikasi dilakukan di kebun kakao rakyat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dari bulan Nopember 2007 – April 2008. Sasaran aplikasi adalah buah muda dan aplikasi dilakukan tiga kali dengan interval 14 hari sejak terbentuknya ± 12 buah yang panjangnya 7 – 8 cm per pohon. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian hayati dengan bioinsektisida dan pengendalian mekanis dengan pembrongsongan buah kakao sangat nyata menurunkan populasi, tingkat serangan, dan kehilangan hasil akibat serangan hama PBK dibanding kontrol. Pengendalian mekanis secara nyata lebih efektif daripada pengendalian hayati. Tingkat efikasi pengendalian mekanis 97,38%, sedangkan efikasi antara Batindo+1 WP, Dipel WP, dan B. bassiana pada konsentrasi 2,5 g/l relatif sama yakni 83,49, 84,15, dan 86,10%. Keefektifan Batindo+1 WP tidak dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi dan konsentrasi 2,5 g/l efektif untuk aplikasi komersial. Pengendalian hama PBK secara hayati dan mekanis secara nyata dapat mengurangi kehilangan hasil biji kakao kering. Hasil panen biji kakao kering pada perlakuan pembrongsongan buah 57,47%, sedangkan pada Batindo+1 WP, Dipel WP, dab B. bassiana pada konsentrasi 2,5 g/l berturut-turut 38,31, 34,87, dan 36,02% lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (2,61 kg/100 buah).

The cocoa pod borer (CPB) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)) is the main pest of cocoa crop and very noxious, it may reduce more than 80% yield and widespreads throughout Indonesia. The bioinsecticides with active ingridient of Bacillus thuringiensis (Batindo+1 WP and Dipel WP) and Beauveria bassiana were compared with slivering fruids with plastic bags had been studied to get effective control measures against CPB. The efficacy tests were conducted at farmer’s cocoa plantation in Central Maluku District during November 2007 until April 2008. The application target was young fruits. The applications were conducted three times with 14 days interval, at which it began when a cocoa tree produced ±12 young fruits with 7 – 8 cm in length. Results showed that the biological control with bioinsecticide and mechanical control with slivering cocoa-fruits were significantly reducing population, damage rates, and yield losses that caused by CPB, as compared with the control. The mechanical control measure was significantly more effective than those of biological control. The efficacy rate of mechanical control was 97.38%, while efficacy for amongst of Batindo+1 WP, Dipel WP, and B. Bassiana at the concentration rate of 2.5 g/l were relatively not different i.e. 83.49, 84.15, and 86.10%, respectively efficacy rate of Batindo+1 WP was not influenced by concentration rate and concentration rate of 2.5 g/l was effective for commercial application. The biological and mechanical controls of CPB were significantly reducing yield losses of dried cocoa seeds. Yield of dried cocoa seeds on treatment of slivering young fruits was 57.47%, while of Batindo+1 WP, Dipel WP, and B. Bassiana at concentration rate of 2.5 g/l were 38.31, 34.87, and 36.02%, respectively haigher than on control (2.61 kg/100 fruits).

Kata Kunci : Bacillus thuringiensis,Beauveria bassiana,Kakao,Conopomorpha cramerella