Dampak pemberian pyriproxyfen terhadap Aedes Aegypti vektor demam berdarah dengue di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

HARIADI, Dr. Dra. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt. MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Penggunaan insektisida kimia banyak menimbulkan masalah resistensi, pencemaran lingkungan, keracunan dan kematian hewan bukan target. Pyriproxyfen adalah salah satu Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) yang merupakan senyawa pengatur pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada serangga, yang diperuntukkan mengendalikan serangga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian pyriproxyfen terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Ae. aegypti di laboratorium Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Experimental laboratories untuk mengetahui dampak pyriproxyfen terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Pemaparan larva di laboratorium dilakukan sebanyak 7 kali pemberian larva, pengamaan selama 88 hari untuk mengetahui residu pyriproxyfen efektif menghambat larva menjadi dewasa. Variasi 3 perlakuan yaitu : Pengurangan dan penambahan air 25 %, (P1), 50% (P2) dan 100% (P3). Setiap 24jam. Nyamuk dewasa diamati kelainan morfologi luarnya (sayap,kaki dan proboscis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata larva mengalami perpanjangan waktu, larva hidup masih ditemukan hari ke 8-10. Pupa hidup masih ditemukan antara hari ke 9-19. Inhibition of Emergence menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan penghambatan antara pengurangan dan penambahan air sebanyak 25%, 50% dan 100% setiap 24jam. Efektifitas pyriproxyfen menghambat pertumbuhan larva menjadi dewasa > 70% terjadi pada rendama hari ke 37 sampai 49. Kelainan morfologi luar terjadi pada larva, pupa dan nyamuk dewasa yaitu mengalami perubahan morfologi luar pada sayap, kaki dan proboscis.

Background: Aedes aegepty is vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) disease. The use of chemical insecticides causes problems of environmental pollution, poisoning and death of non target animals. Pyriproxyfen is one of insect growth regulators which belongs to regulator compound or inhibitor of growth and development in insects. Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of pyriproxyfen against larvae and development of Ae. aegypti in laboratory to know. Method: The study was a laboratory experiment to identify the effect of pyriproxyfen to Ae. aegypti larvae, Larvae at the laboratory were exposed 7 times to pyriproxyfen and were observed for 88 days to find out the effect residue of pyriproxyfen against the larvae growth and development to adult stage. There were 3 variations of laboratory experiment: reduction and addition of water 25% (exp 1), 50% (exp 2) and 100% (exp 3) every 24 hours the adult mosquito effect a body was observed (wings, legs, and proboscis). Result: The result showed that in average larvae encountered prolonged life. Some were still alive in day 8 – 10. Some pupae were still alive in day 9 – 13. Inhibition of emergence showed there was no difference of inhibition between reduction and addition of water 25%, 50% and 100% every 24 hours. Effectiveness of pyriproxyfen in inhibiting growth of larvae to adult was ≥70% that happened in the soaking at day 37 to 49. External morphological blemish happened to larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes in wings, legs and proboscis.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti,Pyriproxyfen,Inhibition of emergence,Demam berdarah dengue