Evaluasi Promosi Kesehatan Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk Melalui Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) di kabupaten Gianyar

MUSNITARINI, Luh Putu, Dra. Ira Paramastri, M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Gizi buruk hingga saat ini masih merupakan masalah di Indonesia, meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya menanggulanginya. Data susenas menunjukkan jumlah kasus gizi buruk pada tahun 1992 sebesar 7,2% kemudian meningkat sebesar 8,8% pada tahun 2005. Upaya promosi kesehatan yang telah dilaksanakan adalah Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P). Tujuan Penelitian : Mengevaluasi pelaksanaan promosi Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) dalam upaya penanggulangan kasus gizi buruk di Kabupaten Gianyar. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian kualitatif dengan informan petugas kesehatan (seksi gizi, TPG Puskesmas dan bidan desa) dan didukung oleh informan ibu balita gizi buruk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Gianyar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi sedangkan keabsahan data dengan cara triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan tetap. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Informan tenaga kesehatan memiliki pemahaman yang cukup baik terhadap promosi PMT-P. Manfaat promosi PMT-P dapat menaikkan berat badan meskipun belum mencapai normal serta dapat membantu meringankan masyarakat sedangkan sisi negatifnya masyarakat sangat tergantung dengan promosi yang diberikan. Konseling diberikan tidak sesuai dengan standar yaitu tanpa media, informan merasakan beban tugas yang sangat berat dan berharap ada tambahan tenaga dari Pemda. Usulan perbaikan program adalah menaikkan anggaran untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi baik jumlah maupun mutunya. Kesimpulan : Pemahaman terhadap promosi PMT-P dalam penanggulangan gizi buruk cukup baik, PMT-P dilaksanakan selama 90 hari berupa paket makanan susu bubuk, biskuit dan kacang ijo. Pemberian konseling tidak intensif dan tanpa menggunakan media/alat bantu seperti lembar balik dan food model. PMT-P yang diberikan untuk kasus gizi buruk tidak seluruhnya di konsumsi oleh sasaran tetapi juga oleh anggota keluarga yang lain. Promosi PMT-P diharapkan dapat berlanjut dengan adanya peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi balita dalam mencapai berat badan normal.

Background: Malnutrition until this time is a great problem in Indonesia although the government has tried to control it. The Susenas data showed that the number of malnutrition in 1992 was 7,2% and then improved up to 8,8% in 2005. The effort of health promotion that has been conducted was Recovery Supplement Food (PMT-P). Objective: This research was aimed to evaluate the implementation of promotion of giving the PMT-P in the effort of malnutrition case control in Gianyar district. Method: This was a qualitative research that involved informants of health care provider (nutrition section, TPG of Primary Health Care and village midwife) and supported by informants of mother who have children under five years old who suffered from malnutrition. This research was conducted in Gianyar district and the data was collected with indepth interview and observation while data validity was conducted with source and method triangulation. Data analysis was conducted with fixed comparison method. Result and Discussion: Informant of health care provider had good understanding on the promotion of PMT-P. The benefit of PMT-P promotion could increase the weigh and yet has not achieved normal rate as well as could help community. The negative side is the community will be dependent on the given promotion. The given counseling was not suitable with the standard that was without media, informant felt a heavy duties and expected that there will be an additional manpower from regional government. The proposal for program improvement was increasing the budget to fulfill the nutrition need in the quantity and quality. Conclusion: Understanding toward promotion of PMT-P in controlling bad nutrition was quite good, PMT-P was implemented during 90 days such as with food package, milk powder, biscuit and green bean. Counseling was not intensive and without using media/equipment such as flip chart and food model. The given PMT-P that was given for malnutrition case not only consumed by the target but also by other family member. The promotion PMT-P should be continued with the improvement on quality and quantity in order to fulfill the nutrition need of children under five years old in achieving normal body weigh.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Promosi,Gizi Buruk,PMT-P, promotion evaluation, PMT-P, malnutrition