Pengaruh konseling gizi dengan Booklet terhadap status gizi dan asupan gizi pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di Poli Paru Rumah Sakit Haji Medan

YUSRIDAWATI, dr. Bambang Sigit Riyanto, Sp.PD.KP

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang : Menurut laporan WHO Indonesia merupakan penyumbang penderita Tuberkulosis Paru (TB Paru) terbesar, yaitu nomor tiga setelah India dan China. Tahun 2002-2020 diperkirakan sekitar 1 milliar terinfeksi yaitu pertambahan infeksi 56 juta orang pertahun, dengan cakupan pengobatan Directtly Observed Treatment Shortcourse Chemotherapy (DOTS) 56%, angka kesembuhan 87% dan angka kematian 25%( Depkes, 2006). TB Paru ini ditandai dengan sesak, batuk, lemah (malaise), nafsu makan kurang, berat badan menurun yang dapat menyebabkan kurang energi protein (KEP). Penanganan masalah ini bukan hanya obat-obatan tetapi perlu makanan tinggi kalori tinggi protein dengan cara penyuluhan memakai booklet dan leaflet, dalam meningkatkan asupan gizi dan status kesehatan. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh antara yang mendapat konseling gizi dan booklet dengan yang tidak dapat konseling gizi dan dapat leaflet terhadap asupan gizi dan status gizi pada pasien TB Paru dewasa. Metode: Jenis penelitian Eksperimental semu dengan desain time series pre-test dan post-test. Populasi adalah seluruh pasien TB Paru, pengambilan sampel secara purposive yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, tiap kelompok 50 orang (perlakuan dan kontrol). Pengolahan data dengan Komputer, asupan gizi diolah dengan nutri survey, untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas dan terikat dianalisis dengan uji statistik t-test sedangkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol dengan uji statistik Chi-square. Hasil : Status gizi (berat badan ) ada penambahan1,65 kg, perlakuan 1,68 kg, tidak bermakna (p=0.300), (lingkar lengan atas) ada penambahan pada kontrol 0,75 cm, perlakuan 0,87 cm, tidak bermakna (p=0,166). Asupan gizi (energi) dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan ada penambahan pada kontrol 4,53 kkal/kg BB/hari, perlakuan 8,76 kkal/kg BB/hari, bermakna (p=0,000), (protein) ada penambahan pada kontrol 0,10, perlakuan 0,33 kkal/kg BB/hari, bermakna (p=0,000). Kesimpulan : Asupan gizi dan status gizi lebih baik yang diberikan konseling gizi dapat booklet dari pada yang tidak diberi konseling dapat leaflet.

Background: According to the report of the World Health Organization, Indonesia has the third greatest number of lung tuberculosis (TBC) patients after India and China. It is estimated that in 2002 – 2020 about 1 billion people are infected with infection increase to as many as 56 million people a year, coverage of Directly Observed Treatment Short course as much as 56 %, recovery rate 87 % and mortality rate 25 % (Ministry of Health, 2006). Symptoms of lung TB are dyspnea, cough, malaise, lack of appetite, weight loss resulting in protein energy deficiency. Overcoming this problem is not only focused on drugs but also high protein high energy foods through socialization using booklet and leaflet to increase nutrition intake and health status. Objective: To identify the difference of impact between those who got nutrition counseling and booklet and those who did not get counseling but got leaflet to nutrition intake and nutrition status among adult lung TB patients. Method: This was a quasi experiment with controlled time series pre test and post test design. Population were lung TB patients with samples who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria purposively taken. There were 50 samples of experiment group and 50 samples of control group. Data were processed computer; data of nutrition intake were processed with nutri survey. Statistical ttest was used to identify the impact of dependent and independent variables whereas chi square was used to identify the difference between experiment group and control group. Result: There was difference of nutrition intake (energy) in the control group as much as 4.53 kcal/kg for weight/day, in the experiment group 8.76 kcal/kg for weight/day; the difference was significant (p=0.000). There was difference of nutrition intake (protein) in the control group as much as 0.10 and in the experiment group 0.33 kcal/kg for weight/day; the difference was significant (p=0.000). There was difference of nutrition status (weight) in the control group as much as 1.65 kg and in the experiment group 1.68 kg; the difference was insignificant (p=0.300). There was difference of arm circumference in the control group as much as 0.75 cm and in the experiment group 0.87 cm; the difference was insignificant (p=0.166). Conclusion: Nutrition status and nutrition intake were better in those who got nutrition counseling and booklet than in those who did not get counseling but got leaflet.

Kata Kunci : Gizi,Pasien TB Paru,Konseling dan Booklet,nutrition counseling, booklet, leaflet, nutrition status, nutrition intake