Identifikasi sektor dan subsektor pertanian basis pada Propinsi-propinsi di Indonesia

KUSHARYANTI, Irma, Prof.Dr.Ir. Irham, M.Sc

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Topik penelitian ini adalah studi mengenai sektor basis pada propinsipropinsi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sektor dan subsektor pertanian basis, untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat spsesialisasi sektor dan subsektor pertanian, untuk mengetahui tingkat spesialisasi sektor dan subsektor pertanian pada wilayah Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) dan Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI), serta pada wilayah Jawa dan luar Jawa antara periode sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah. Seluruh propinsi di Indonesia, terdiri dari 33 propinsi (termasuk 7 propinsi baru) ditentukan sebagai daerah penelitian. Daerah penelitian tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan propinsi dan kelompok propinsi (KBI dan KTI, Jawa dan luar Jawa). Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), dan Nilai Tambah Bruto (NTB) dari sektor dan subsektor pertanian atas dasar harga konstan tahun 2000 selama periode 1993-2005. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini, data sekunder tersebut yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dianalisis menggunakan metode Location Quotient (LQ), Persen perubahan dalam LQ, Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), serta Gabungan LQ dan DLQ. Tingkat spesialisasi sektor pertanian diukur dengan LQ. Sektor basis sedikitnya direpresentasikan oleh LQ yang lebih besar dari 1,0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sektor pertanian merupakan sektor basis signifikan di 26 propinsi, KTI dan luar Jawa; subsektor tanaman bahan makanan merupakan subsektor basis signifikan di 19 propinsi, KBI, KTI, Jawa, luar Jawa; subsektor tanaman perkebunan merupakan subsektor basis signifikan di 22 propinsi, KBI, KTI, luar Jawa; subsektor peternakan merupakan subsektor basis di 19 propinsi, KBI, KTI, luar Jawa; subsektor kehutanan merupakan subsektor basis signifikan di 19 propinsi, KTI, luar Jawa; dan subsektor perikanan merupakan subsektor basis signifikan di 22 propinsi, KTI, luar Jawa. Sektor pertanian dengan perubahan LQ negatif signifikan di 3 propinsi dan Jawa; subsektor tanaman bahan makanan dengan perubahan LQ negatif signifikan di 1 propinsi; subsektor tanaman perkebunan dengan perubahan LQ negatif signifikan di 2 propinsi dan Jawa; subsektor peternakan dengan perubahan LQ negatif signifikan di 3 propinsi; subsektor kehutanan dengan perubahan LQ negatif signifikan di 6 propinsi dan KTI; kemudian subsektor perikanan dengan pertumbuhan LQ negatif signifikan di 2 propinsi. Terdapat perbedaan LQ sektor pertanian, subsektor tanaman bahan makanan, subsektor peternakan, dan subsektor kehutanan di KBI antara periode sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah; terdapat perbedaan LQ subsektor tanaman perkebunan, subsektor kehutanan, dan subsektor perikanan di KTI antara periode sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah; terdapat perbedaan LQ sektor pertanian, subsektor tanaman bahan makanan, subsektor tanaman perkebunan, subsektor peternakan, subsektor kehutanan, dan subsektor perikanan di Jawa antara periode sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah; terdapat perbedaan LQ sektor pertanian, subsektor tanaman perkebunan, dan subsektor kehutanan di luar Jawa antara periode sebelum dan sesudah otonomi daerah.

The topic of this research is a basic sector study in the provinces of Indonesia. The objective of this study is to identify the basic agricultural sector and subsector, to understand the change in degree of specialization of agricultural sector and subsector, to understand the degree of specialization of agricultural sector and subsector in Indonesian Western Regions (KBI) and Indonesian Eastern Regions (KTI) and also in Java and non Java regions between pre and post-local autonomy periods. The overall province in Indonesia, which consist of 33 provinces (7 recent provinces included), were taken to be analyzed. Regions then analyzed by province and by group of provinces (KBI and KTI, Java and non Java).The data analyzed in this research were the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDRP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Gross Value Added of agricultural sector and subsector at 2000 constant price during the period of 1993-2005. To achieve the objectives of this research, that secondary data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) was analyzed using Location Quotient (LQ) method, Percentage change in LQ, Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and Combination of LQ and DLQ. Degree of specialization of agricultural sector was measured by LQ. Basic sector at least represented by LQ that greater than 1,0. The result shows that agricultural sector was the basic sector significantly in 26 provinces, KTI, and non Java; farm food crops subsector was the basic subsector significantly in 19 provinces, KBI, KTI, Java, non Java; farm non food crops subsector was the basic subsector significantly in 22 provinces, KBI, KTI, non Java; livestock subsector was the basic subsector significantly in 19 provinces, KBI, KTI, non Java; forestry subsector was the basic subsector significantly in 19 provinces, KTI, non Java; and fishery subsector was the basic subsector significantly in 22 provinces, KTI, non Java. Agricultural sector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 3 provinces, Java; farm food crops subsector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 1 province, farm non food crops subsector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 2 provinces, Java; livestock subsector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 3 provinces, forestry subsector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 6 provinces, KTI; and fishery subsector with negatif change in LQ was significant in 2 provinces. There is difference in LQ of agricultural sector, farm food crops subsector, livestock subsector, and forestry subsector in KBI between pre and post-local autonomy periods; There is difference in LQ of farm non food crops subsector, forestry subsector, and fishery subsector in KTI between pre and post-local autonomy periods; There is difference in LQ of agricultural sector, farm food crops subsector, farm non food crops subsector, livestock subsector, forestry subsector, and fishery subsector in Java between pre and post-local autonomy periods; There is difference in LQ of agricultural sector, farm non food crops subsector, and forestry subsector in non Java regions between pre and post-local autonomy periods.

Kata Kunci : Sektor Pertanian,Basis,Analisis LQ dan DLQ, Location Quotient (LQ), agricultural sector, province, Indonesian Western Regions (KBI)