Perilaku Homoseksual di Pondok Pesantren

DZULKARNAIN, Iskandar, Dr. Partini

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Penilaian masyarakat yang menempatkan homoseksual sebagai sesuatu yang abnormal dan amoral, serta dianggap sebagai suatu aib yang mengancam, menarik penulis untuk mengkajinya secaranya mendalam. Berawal dari fenomena tersebut maka penulis tertarik untuk meneliti fenomena homoseksual terutama di pondok pesantren dalam hal ini dua pondok pesantren di Sumenep, yakni pondok pesantren tradisional An-Naqiyah dan pondok pesantren modern Al-Amanah. Sehingga penulis merumuskan masalahnya, bagaimana konstruksi subjektif masyarakat pesantren terhadap perilaku homoseksual di pondok pesantren Sumenep?. Penelitian ini dioperasikan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui analisis deskriptif. Sedangkan dasar metodologisnya menggunakan pendekatan etnofenomenologi. Jenis datanya menggunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif, digali dari sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dihimpun melalui observasi partisipan dan wawancara. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen resmi yang berhubungan dengan perilaku homoseksual di pondok pesantren. Analisis datanya menggunakan tiga pola Miles dan Huberman. Langkah operasional penelitiannya meliputi, persiapan memasuki lapangan, yakni kunjungan awal penulis secara terus menerus ke pondok pesantren tersebut, mencari tahu bagaimana supaya bisa mondok, dan meminta izin kepada pengasuh pondok pesantren; kedua, langkah pengumpulan data, yakni pengfokusan informasi data dengan menekankan pada tiga fokus utama, data perilaku homoseksual, data pada reaksi atau konstruksi subjektif masyarakat pesantren (massa) terhadap fenomena homoseksual di pondok pesantren, dan data yang menggambarkan tentang pergeseran sistem struktur sosial masyarakat pesantren terhadap homoseksualitas. Hasil penelitian ini, adalah pandangan masyarakat pesantren yang tetap menganggap bahwa homoseksual sebagai dosa, amoral, dan penyakit, ternyata berbeda dengan anggapan mereka terhadap perilaku alaq dalaq di pondok pesantren, yang menganggapanya sebagai sesuatu yang biasa dan boleh dilakukan. Hal ini terjadi seiring hilangnya otoritas kiai yang begitu kuat di dalam masyarakat dan santri (massa), baik sosial, budaya, ekonomi, pendidikan, politik, dan agama, seiring dengan kebungkaman dan kebodohan massa ketika mendapat media informasi dari kiai, bahwa perilaku alaq dalaq dosa dan dilarang, sebagaimana yang digambarkan oleh Jean Baudrillard. Selain itu, pola relasi antarpelaku alaq dalaq di pondok pesantren tradisional An-Naqiyah terdapat tiga pola, pertama, pola relasi alaq dalaq dengan ikatan, kedua, relasi alaq dalaq tanpa ikatan, dan ketiga pola relasi alaq dalaq for pleasure. Sedangkan di pondok pesantren modern Al-Amanah, terdapat satu pola yakni pola relasi alaq dalaq dengan ikatan.

The appreciation of society placing a homosexual as something abnormal and immoral, also assumed as threatening ignominy was interested the author to study more deeply. Initiated by those phenomenon, the author interested to observed this homosexual phenomenon mainly in Islamic Boarding House, it was in two Islamic boarding houses in Sumenep, that are traditional Islamic boarding house Al-Amanah and modern Islamic boarding houses An-Naqiyah. Thus the author formulated to the existed problems, how is the subjective constructive of the society on this homosexual behavior at the Islamic boarding houses in Sumenep? This research operated by a qualitative method through analytical descriptive. While the methodological basic used an etno-phenomenology approach. The data types used a qualitative and quantitative, was digging of primary and secondary data sources. The primary data collected of participation observation and interview. While the secondary data obtained of official documents related to the homosexual behavior in the Islamic boarding houses. The data analysis used a Miles and Huberman three patterns. The operational steps of this research are including, preparation to enter the field, that was the initiate author visit continually visited the boarding house, to find out how to stayed in the boarding house and attempt to permission to the Islamic boarding houses official teachers; the second, data collecting steps, that was to focused to the data information by emphasized to three main focuses, the homosexual behavior data, data on reaction or the subjective constructive of the boarding house mass toward the homosexual phenomenon in the Islamic boarding houses, and the data describing the social structure system shifting of the boarding houses society toward homosexual. The research results was a Islamic boarding houses society who remained assumed that homosexual as sin, immoral, and disease, obviously different with their assumption toward a alaq dalaq in the Islamic boarding houses, that assumed that it was something usual and permitted to be done. It occurred in a line with the lessening of the kyai’s authorities who are very tightly coherent in the society and Moslem students/santri (mass), both of the social, culture, economy, education, and religion, are in line with the mass who lack in acknowledgment and silent ness of the mass when they have an information of the kyai, that alaq dalaq behavior is a full of sin and prohibited, as described by Jean Baudrillard. Besides, the relationship pattern of the actors of alaq dalaq in the traditional Islamic boarding house An-Naqiyah there were three patterns, the first, an alaq dalaq relationship with particular tying, the second, alaq dalaq relationship without any tying, and the third, a alaq dalaq relationship for pleasure. While in modern Islamic Boarding House Al-Amanah, there was a pattern that is a alaq dalaq relationship with particular tying.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Homoseksual,Pondok Pesantren,Subjective Construction, Homosexual, and Alaq Dalaq