Uji potensi Cryopreservation benih kopi arabika

LEWAR, Yosefina, Dr.Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pengaruh waktu aplikasi osmoconditioning, kondisi ruang simpan dan giberelin terhadap sifat fisik, kimiawi dan fisiologis benih kopi arabik a, dan 2) potensi atau kemampuan benih kopi arabika berkadar air 12% untuk cryopreservasion, telah dilaksanakan di lingkungan Fakultas Pertanian dan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, dari bulan Agustus 2005 sampai dengan Mei 2006. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan tiga faktor, yaitu 2 aras waktu aplikasi osmoconditioning (O): sebelum simpan (O 1) dan sesudah simpan (O 2), 2 aras kondisi ruang simpan (R): ruang kamar (R1) dan refrigerator (R2), serta 3 aras konsentrasi giberelin (G): 0 ppm (G0), 150 ppm (G150) dan 300 ppm (G300). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air benih, daya hantar listrik, kadar prolin, kadar asam lemak bebas, kadar a-tokoferol, daya tumbuh, pertumbuhan bibit dan indeks vigor hipotetik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui analisis ragam dan terhadap pengaruh yang telah nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan (DMRT) 5%. Analisis regresi korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat keeratan hubungan antar variabel pengamatan. Osmoconditioning sesudah simpan, penyimpanan dalam ruang refrigerator serta pemberian giberelin 150 ppm dan 300 ppm berpengaruh lebih baik terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan fisiologis benih kopi arabika daripada osmoconditioning sebelum simpan, penyimpanan dalam ruang kamar dan tanpa giberelin. Hal ini dibuktikan dari rendahnya daya hantar listrik, kadar prolin, dan kadar asam lemak bebas serta tingginya kadar kadar a-tokoferol benih, sehingga implikasinya terhadap lebih tingginya daya tumbuh benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kopi arabika. Terdapat interaksi perlakuan osmoconditioning sesudah simpan pada kondisi ruang simpan refrigerator dengan konsentrasi giberelin 300 ppm (O2R2G300) yang memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap penurunan daya hantar listrik, kadar prolin, kadar asam lemak bebas, serta peningkatan kadar a -tokoferol dan daya tumbuh benih. Benih kopi arabika dengan kadar air 12% yang disimpan dalam refrigerator dan giberelin dapat diosmoconditioning segera sebelum dikecambahkan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan benih sehinga benih kopi arabica dengan kadar air 12% berpotensi untuk cryopreservasion.

This research aims to find-out 1) the effective time of the osmoconditioning application, the condition of the storage room, and the giberellin concentration toward physical, chemical and physiological features of the coffea arabica seeds, 2) the potential of coffea arabica seeds with its water content 12% for crypreservation. The research was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, on August 2005 – May 2006. The research was conducted by using factorial completely randomized design with three kind of treatments i. e: 2 levels of osmoconditioning application time (O); the pre-storage (O1) and the post-storage (O2); 2 levels of the room temperature condition (R); room temperature (R1) and the refrigerator (R2), and 3 levels of giberellin concentration (G); 0 ppm (G0), 150 ppm (G150), 300 ppm (G300). Parameters observed were water content, electrical conductivity, prolin content, free fatty acids content, a-tocopherol content, growth potential, the growth of the seedling, and the index of hypothetic vigor. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, significant level at 5%, continued with DMRT 5%. The osmoconditioning of the post-storage, storing the seeds into the refrigerator, and application 150 or 300 ppm giberellin could maintenance the physical, chemical and physiological of coffea arabica seeds better than pre-storage. It was under room temperature and non-giberellin. That was indicated by the decrease the electrical conductivity, prolin content, free fatty acid content, and increase atocopherol content of the seeds. The results implicatied toward more than highly of viability and coffea arabica seeds growth. There is an interaction of osmoconditioning after storing on the storage room of the refrigerator with giberellin concentration at 300 ppm (O2R2G300) that have good effects on those aspects. The coffea arabica seeds at 12% water content, storage in refrigerator and applied giberellin must be osmoconditioned before germination test for cryopreservasion program.

Kata Kunci : Benih Kopi Arabika,Osmoconditioning,Cryopreservation, osmoconditioning, cryopreservasion, giberellin, coffea arabica