Peranan masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan lindung Jompi untuk pelestarian sumberdaya air di Kabupaten Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara

SUNJOTO, Raden Djamun, Drs. Su Rito Hardoyo, MA

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan (Magister Pengelolaan Lingkunga

Secara umum hutan lindung berfungsi sebagai kawasan resapan air, sebagai kawasan pengendalian sumber-sumber air, banjir, dan pengendalian erosi tanah. Namun demikian fungsi tersebut terancam oleh degradasi hutan sebagai dampak pemukiman penduduk dan penebangan liar. Oleh karenanya, program reboisasi sangat memerlukan dasar dukungan partisipasi masyarakat lokal. Berdasar masalah tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor pengaruh terhadap kerusakan hutan lindung, serta untuk mengungkap peranserta masyarakat lokal dalam usaha pelestarian hutan lindung. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di hutan lindung Jompi, Kabupaten Muna Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 100 kepala keluarga (KK) sebagai sampel reponden rumahtangga dari empat desa yang berada di sekitar hutan lindung. Pemilihan sampel responden dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Pengukuran pengetahuan dan peranserta penduduk lokal dilakukan menggunakan teknik skoring. Analisis data menggunakan analisis tabulasi frekuensi dan tabulasi silang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditunjukkan bahwa selama lima tahun (1997- 2004) sumberdaya air di hutan lindung mengalami penurunan debit. Penurunan debit tersebut sebagai akibat semakin luasnya perladangan dan kerusakan vegetasi hutan akibat penebangan liar. Hasil korelasi antara luas lahan perladangan dengan debit mataair selama lima tahun, menunjukkan besarnya koefisien korelasi adalah – 0,762 pada derajad signifikansi 0,028. Artinya bahwa semakin luas lahan hutan untuk perladangan maka semakin kecil debit air dari mataair di kawasan hutan lindung. Usaha pelestarian kawasan hutan lindung, melalui program reboisasi belum berhasil sepenuhnya. Hal ini disebabkan peranserta sebagian besar (74%) masyarakat dalam reboisasi yang rendah. Rendahnya peranserta tersebut sebagai akibat rendahnya status sosial ekonomi sebagian besar (6%) masyarakat, dan rendahnya pengetahuan sebagian besar (60%) masyarakat baik tentang manfaat, maupun pengetahuan kerusakan hutan lindung. Artinya, bahwa kebijakan pemerintah daerah untuk pelestarian hutan lindung masih ditanggapi secara negatip oleh masyarakat setempat. Dengan demikian pemerintah daerah seyogyanya segera menyusun rencana pengelolaan hutan lindung secara terpadu, dan segera disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat

Generally, protection forest are functioned as a recharge area, controlls of water resources, flood, and soil erossion. However, those forest functions are threaten with the existing of forest degradation as an impact of local people occupation and and illegal logging. Because of that, reforestation program need to be based on the contribution of local people participation. Based on the problem, this research aim is to find out the several factors which influence the protection forest degradation, and to expose the local people participation on the preservation of protection forest. This research was conducsed in the Jompi protection forest, Muna Regency, Sulawesi Tenggara Province. Survey method is employed for data collecting. Primary data is collected from 100 respondents are households who as respondent samples of households in four villages arround the forest. The respondent sample is selected on the basis of simple random sampling. The measurement of people knowledge and participation on protection forest preservation is performed through scoring technique. Data analysis makes use of tabulation technique especially frequency and cross tabulation. The result of research shows that as long as 5 years (1997-2004) water resource discharge in Jompi protection forest has been downing lower. The lowering of the water discharge as a consequence of the wider of slash and burn farming system ang illegal loging. Correlation analysis between the the farming system area with the water resources discharge shows the coefficient is –0,762 on the significant degree 0,028. It means that the wider the slash and burn farming system area, the lower of the water recharge resources in the protection forest. Preservation effort of the protection forest area with reforestation program has not successfull. It has influenced by the most of people (74%) have low category of participation on the program. The low of the participation category is influenced by the low of the most (60%) of their socio-economic status, and the low of the most (60%) of their knowledge about the benefit, damage and the important of the perotection forest. It means that, the lower of the socio-economic status, the lower knowledge of people on the protection forest, then the higher the level of popular participation on protection forest preservation. The local people are in their negative thinking to government policies about perservation of protection forest. That is why, the local government has to more takes consideration of those socio-economic aspects, in order to preserve the protection forest. The local government as soon as possible has to compose comprehensive planning protection forest preservation, and socialize it to the community in around the protection forest area.

Kata Kunci : Pelestarian Hutan Lindung, Sumberdaya Air, Peran Masyarakat, Community roll, preservation of forest protection, and preservation of water resources.