PENGARUH WADAH, LAMA DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH MAHONI DAUN LEBAR DAN MAHONI DAUN KECIL

SULAIMAN BAKRI , Ir. Oemi Hani'in Soeseno

1986 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Suatu penelitian dilo.kukan untuk menentukan umur hidup benih mahoni yang disimpan sampai 5 bulan dalam beberapa macam wadah. Benih mahoni daun lebar (Swiete­nia macro-ohylla King) dan mahoni daun kecil (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) yang dikumpullcan dari tegakan benih di Walikukun, Kabupaten Ngawi dipakai sebagai kelompok per­cobaan. Wadah yang digunakan do.lam penelitian ini ada­lah : kaleng yang kedap udara, kantong plastik (poly­ethylene bag) tipis, karung plastik atau bagor dan wa­dah terbuka. Sampel pada masing-masing kelompok disim­pan dalam suhu kamar dan suhu 20° C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wadah penyimpan­an, lama penyimpanan, jenis mahoni dan suhu mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase berkecambah be­nih mahoni. Penyimpanan sampai 5 bulan de.lam kaleng menyebobkan viabilitas benih mahoni daun lebar turun menjadi kurang dari 15%. Selama jangka waktu yang sama viabilitas benih mahoni daun kecil dalam kaleng dapat dipertahankan sebesar lebih dari 20%. Sebaliknya, wa. dah terbuka menurunkan viabilitns benih menjadi kurang dari 5% untuk benih mahoni daun lebar dan kurang dari 10% untgk benih mahoni daun kecil dalam waktu 5 bulan. Suhu 20 C mempertahankn.n viabilitas benih sebesar le­ bih dnri 35% untuk mahoni daun lebar dan sebesar 80% untuk mahoni daun kecil dal????m waktu 5 bulan.

An investigation was carried out to determine the longevity of mahogany seeds preserved in several types of container up to 5 months. Swietenia macrophylla King and Swietenia mah2goni Jacq. (broad leaved and small leaved species respectively) seeds collected from Walikukun seed stand in Ngawi Regency, were used as experimental lots. The containers being used in this experiment are : air tight tin, thin polyethylene bag, perforated sack ("bagor") and open polyethylene contain­ er. The samples in ea8h lot were put either in the room temperature or 20 C. The results show that the types of container, the storage periods, the mahogany species and the storage temperatures have significant effects on the germinat­ion percentage of the mahogany seeds. Up to 5 month period the tin container causes the viability of broad leaved mahogany seeds fall to less than 15%. For the same period the viability of small leaved mahogany seeds in the tin container can be maintained at more than 20%. On the contrary, the open container has re­duced the seed viability to less than 5% for broad leaved mahogany and less than 10% for small leaved ma­ hogan???? in the five month period. The cool temperature of 20 C preserves the seed viability at more than 35% for broad leaved mahogany and 80% for small leaved ma­hogany in the five month period.

Kata Kunci : Wadah, Lama, Suhu, Benih Mahoni