Distribusi Pendapatan dan Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga Petani Jahe selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Kapanewon Semin Kabupaten Gunungkidul

AMARTYA RAHMAWATI, Dr. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, M.Ec.; Gilang Wirakusuma, S.P., M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 EKONOMI PERTANIAN DAN AGRIBISNIS

Peningkatan kesejahteraan penduduk menjadi tujuan utama program pembangunan ekonomi. Salah satu pendekatan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan penduduk adalah menghapus ketimpangan pendapatan. Ketimpangan sering dikaitkan dengan kemiskinan karena dapat menyebabkan kemiskinan menjadi semakin parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) sumber dan rerata pendapatan; (2) kontribusi pendapatan usaha tani jahe terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe; (3) dampak pendapatan usaha tani jahe terhadap distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe; (4) kondisi kemiskinan rumah tangga petani jahe selama pandemi Covid-19 di Kapanewon Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 55 responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendapatan, kontribusi pendapatan, ketimpangan (Indeks Gini, Kurva Lorenz, dan Bank Dunia), dan kemiskinan berdasarkan kriteria BPS Gunungkidul, Sajogyo, Bank Dunia, Asian Development Bank (ADB), dan Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan total rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin berasal dari pendapatan usaha tani jahe, usaha tani non jahe, off-farm, dan nonfarm. Rerata pendapatan dari usaha tani jahe sebesar Rp481.792,69/rumah tangga/tahun, usaha tani non jahe sebesar Rp7.426.420,15/rumah tangga/tahun, off-farm sebesar Rp2.282.273,22/rumah tangga/tahun, nonfarm sebesar Rp25.957.897,45/rumah tangga/tahun, dan rerata jumlah pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin yaitu sebesar Rp36.148.383,51/rumah tangga/tahun. Kontribusi pendapatan usaha tani jahe terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe sebesar 1,33%. Pendapatan usaha tani jahe memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin. Berdasarkan kriteria BPS Gunungkidul, Sajogyo, Bank Dunia, ADB, dan FAO, rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin tergolong tidak miskin.

Increasing the population welfare is the main objective of the economic development program. An approach to increase population welfare is eliminating income inequality. Inequality is often associated with poverty because it can make poverty worse. This study aims to determine (1) sources and average income; (2) ginger farming income contribution to ginger farming household income; (3) the impact of ginger farming income on the income distribution of ginger farming households; (4) the poverty condition of ginger farming households during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kapanewon Semin, Gunungkidul Regency. The sampling was selected by a simple random sampling method with a sample totaling 55 respondents. Analytical methods used were income analysis, income contribution, income inequality (Gini ratio, Lorenz Curve, World Bank), and poverty criteria based on BPS Gunungkidul, Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), dan Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The results showed that the total income of ginger farming households in Kapanewon Semin came from ginger farming, non-ginger farming, off-farm, and non-farm income. The average income from ginger farming is Rp481.792,69/household/year, non-ginger farming is Rp7.426.420,15/household/year, off-farm is Rp2.282.273,22/household/year, non-farm Rp25.957.897,45/household/year and the average household income of ginger farmers in Kapanewon Semin is Rp36.148.383,51/household/year. The contribution of ginger farming business income to the total household income of ginger farmers is 1.33%. Income from ginger farming improves the income distribution of ginger farming households in Kapanewon Semin. Based on the criteria of BPS Gunungkidul, Sajogyo, World Bank, ADB, and FAO, ginger farming households in Kapanewon Semin are classified as not poor.

Kata Kunci : pendapatan, kontribusi pendapatan, ketimpangan, kemiskinan