Adaptasi Penari Bedhaya di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Pada Ritual Pementasan Bedhaya Mintaraga Keraton Yogyakarta)

NUKI SATRIA N, Dr. Phil. Oki Rahardianto Sutopo, S.Sos., M.Si.,

2023 | Skripsi | S1 SOSIOLOGI

Melangsungkan ritual di masa pandemi Covid-19 merupakan sebuah hal yang baru, salah satunya pelaksanaan ritual pementasan Bedhaya Mintaraga dalam Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem Keraton Yogyakarta. Adanya peraturan pemerintah terkait pengendalian coronavirus berdampak pada perubahan sosial terhadap kegiatan di Keraton Yogyakarta. Berbagai tantangan harus dihadapi oleh seluruh komponen tak terkecuali penari. Penelitian ini ingin melihat adaptasi yang dilakukan penari serta bagaimana penari mengkonstruksi nilai kesakralan setelah adaptasi. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar prosesi ritual khususnya Bedhaya Mintaraga tetap dapat dilangsungkan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang menganalisis terkait perjalanan ritual serta identitas reflektif penari ketika melakukan adaptasi dalam ritual pementasan Bedhaya Mintaraga pada Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem Keraton Yogyakarta. Data yang didapatkan meliputi hasil wawancara secara langsung dengan informan dari unsur guru tari bedhaya dan penari Bedhaya Mintaraga serta studi pustaka dengan menggunakan penelitian terdahulu yang mengkaji terkait seni tradisi yang beradaptasi dalam menghadapi suatu perubahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa penari Bedhaya Mintaraga melakukan adaptasi dalam menghadapi proses ritual pementasan di masa pandemi. Berbagai bentuk penyesuaian dilakukan seperti ritual sesaji maupun dalam proses pementasan berlangsung. Adaptasi dilakukan sebagai upaya resistensi ritual di masa pandemi. Hal tersebut muncul sebagai respons terhadap keresahan yang ada pada dalam diri penari akibat adanya perubahan sosial terkait pandemi. Praktiknya upaya adaptasi yang dilakukan penari kurang menaati protokol kesehatan Covid-19, karena Keraton Yogyakarta memiliki privilege dari peraturan tentang Covid-19. Selain itu, kegiatan seperti proses latihan maupun upacara sesaji Bedhaya Mintaraga berupaya ditutupi dari media sosial dengan beberapa pertimbangan. Upaya-upaya tersebut ternyata turut memberikan efek terhadap tingkat kesakralan dalam ritual pementasan Bedhaya Mintaraga. Kata Kunci: adaptasi, ritual, Bedhaya Mintaraga, pandemi Covid-19

Ritual activities during pandemic era is a new thing. This performance ritual activity was also implemented in Bedhaya Mintaraga at Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem Keraton Yogyakarta. The government regulations in order to control the coronavirus has an impact on several activities at Keraton Yogyakarta. Various challenges must be faced by all components, including dancers. This research aims to reveal the adaptations of the dancers, including how the dancers interpret the value of the sacredness after those adaptations. This ritual processions in Bedhaya Mintaraga imply that rituals can still be done even during the pandemic era. This research uses a qualitative method with descriptive approach that analyzes the ritual journey and the reflective identity of dancers when adapting performance ritual of Bedhaya Mintaraga at Tingalan Jumenengan Dalem Keraton Yogyakarta. The informations taken from direct interviews with the informants from several element of bedhaya dance, such as the masters of Bedhaya and the dancers as well. In addition, literature studies was conducted using previous research that examines the art and traditions facing the phase of changing. As the result, it could be seen that Bedhaya Mintaraga dancers made adaptations in performance ritual process during the pandemic. Various forms of adjustment were carried out such as rituals offering (sesaji) in the process of performance. This adaptation was doing as an effort to maintain rituals during pandemic. This came as a response to the discomfort that exists in dancers due to social changes related to the pandemic. In practice, the adaptation efforts made by dancers not comply with the Covid-19 health protocol because Keraton Yogyakarta has the privilege of regulations regarding Covid-19. Moreover, activities such as the rehearsal process and the offerings ceremony were covered from social media due to some considerations. Obviously, these cases also have an effect on the level of sacredness in the Bedhaya Mintaraga performance ritual. Keywords : adaptation, ritual, Bedhaya Mintaraga, pandemic Covid-19

Kata Kunci : adaptasi, ritual, Bedhaya Mintaraga, pandemi Covid-19