Keanekaragaman Lumut Terestrial di Lereng Selatan Gunung Lawu, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah

ADIN FIKRI AL FARABI, Drs. Heri Sujadmiko, M.Si.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Gunung Lawu merupakan gunung yang terletak di perbatasan antara Jawa Tengah yang memiliki iklim cenderung basah dan Jawa Timur yang cenderung kering. Kenyataan tersebut menjadikan Gunung Lawu memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang khas sebagai tempat tumbuhnya berbagai macam tumbuhan, khususnya tumbuhan lumut. Lumut terestrial memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem hutan pegunungan. Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman lumut terestrial di lereng utara Gunung Lawu telah dilakukan, sedangkan di lereng selatan masih belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan distribusi lumut terestrial di lereng selatan Gunung Lawu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penjelajahan dan metode kuadrat dengan plot 15x15 cm. Analisis keanekaragaman ditentukan menggunakan Indeks Shannon-Wiener. Analisis distribusi ditentukan berdasarkan Dominansi, Densitas, Frekuensi, dan Nilai Penting. Hasil identifikasi lumut yang dikoleksi yaitu Marchantia palmata, Marchantia polymorpha, Asterella limbata, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Scapania javanica, Heteroscyphus coalitus, Bazzania tridens, Anthoceros fusiformis, Fissidens zollingeri, Polytrichum formosum, Thuidium plumulosum, Ectropothecium buitenzorgii, Acroporium lamprophyllum, Leucobryum javense, Campylopus umbellatus, Dicranoloma assimile, Dicranella setifera, Plagiomnium rhynchophorum, Philonotis mollis, Bryum billardieri, dan Pyrrhobryum spiniforme. Dari 21 spesies tersebut dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, dan Bryopsida. Keragaman lumut yang ditemukan tergolong ke dalam keragaman sedang. Spesies lumut dengan distribusi yang luas dan merata yaitu Acroporium lamprophyllum.

Mount Lawu is a mountain located on the border between Central Java, which has a wet climate and East Java, which tends to be dry. This fact makes Mount Lawu has a unique environmental condition as a place for the growth of various kinds of plants, especially Bryophytes. Terrestrial Bryophytes have an important role in mountain forest ecosystems. Research on the diversity of terrestrial Bryophytes on the northern slopes of Mount Lawu has been carried out, while on the southern slopes it has not been carried out. Therefore, this research aims to study the diversity and distribution of terrestrial Bryophytes on the southern slopes of Mount Lawu. The method used in this research is the exploration method and the quadratic method with a plot of 15x15 cm. Diversity analysis was determined using the Shannon-Wiener Index. Distribution analysis is determined based on Dominance, Density, Frequency, and Importance Value Index. The identification results of the Bryophytes collected were Marchantia palmata, Marchantia polymorpha, Asterella limbata, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Scapania javanica, Heteroscyphus coalitus, Bazzania tridens, Anthoceros fusiformis, Fissidens zollingeri, Polytrichum formosum, Thuidium plumulosum, Ectropothecium buitenzorgii, Acroporium lamprophyllum, Leucobryum javense, Campylopus umbellatus, Dicranoloma assimile, Dicranella setifera, Plagiomnium rhynchophorum, Philonotis mollis, Bryum billardieri, and Pyrrhobryum spiniforme. From the 21 species can be classified into three classes, namely Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, and Bryopsida. The diversity of terrestrial Bryophytes found belongs to the moderate diversity. The species of Bryophytes with a wide and even distribution is Acroporium lamprophyllum.

Kata Kunci : Gunung Lawu, Keanekaragaman, Lereng Selatan, Lumut Terestrial