Kompleksitas Hukum Terhadap Penggunaan Vaksin dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia

DESTI WIBOWO, Dr. Hartini, S.H., M.Si.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM (KAMPUS JAKARTA)

Saat ini, seluruh negara sedang menghadapi permasalahan kesehatan yang serius yaitu pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Darurat kesehatan akibat pandemi Covid-19 ditanggulangi pemerintah Indonesia salah satunya dengan vaksinasi. Mayoritas penduduk Indonesia adalah muslim sehingga salah satu isu yang muncul saat program vaksinasi diterapkan adalah status kehalalan produk. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kompleksitas hukum dalam pelaksanaan vaksinasi Covid-19 di Indonesia dan langkah pemerintah guna menyukseskan vaksinasi Covid-19 di ranah struktur, substansi, dan budaya hukum. Penelitian berupa penelitian hukum normatif dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara studi pustaka dan analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan vaksinasi Covid-19 di Indonesia dihadapkan dengan kompleksitas hukum, yaitu peraturan dalam keadaan normal tetap diberlakukan, isu kehalalan yang selalu timbul sebelumnya tidak dipertimbangkan, serta masyarakat belum paham akan hak dan kewajiban hukum. Terdapat struktur hukum baru KPCPEN serta substansi hukum baru yang disusun pemerintah untuk menyukseskan vaksinasi Covid-19 yang keduanya selaras dengan struktur dan substansi hukum yang telah ada sebelumnya. Pada ranah budaya hukum, terdapat konteks kultural masyarakat yang kurang dipertimbangkan pemerintah berakibat masih timbul isu kehalalan produk vaksin yang berisiko menghambat kesuksesan program vaksinasi Covid-19 itu sendiri.

All countries are facing a serious health issue with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Vaccination is one of the Indonesian government's actions to manage the health emergency due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim, so the halal status of the products always becomes a concern when the vaccination program is implemented. The objectives of the research were to analyse the legal complexity of the Covid-19 vaccination implementation in Indonesia and the government's measures to make the Covid-19 vaccination a success in terms of legal structure, substance, and culture. This normative legal research was conducted through literature research. The data was collected from secondary data obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and was qualitatively analysed. The implementation of Covid-19 vaccination in Indonesia was faced with legal complexity in that the regulation of the normal circumstances is enforced, the halal issue that always occurs in every vaccination program was not considered, and the people do not understand their legal rights and obligations properly. There was a new legal structure of KPCPEN as well as a new substance for supporting Covid-19 vaccination both aspects align with the existing legal structure and substance. In the legal culture area, the community cultural context was less considered by the government, which led to the halal issue still occurring and has the risk of hindering the success of the Covid-19 vaccination itself.

Kata Kunci : kompleksitas hukum, pandemi, vaksin, halal