PERBEDAAN SIKAP DALAM PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI COVID- 19 BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK REMAJA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

KHAIRIYAH FAJRIATI, Sri Hartini, S. Kep.,Ns.,M.Kes.,Ph.D. ; Widyawati, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Saat ini dunia termasuk Indonesia sedang dilanda sebuah wabah pandemi yang dinamakan Covid-19. Salah satu populasi rentan tertular Covid-19 adalah remaja dikarenakan tingginya mobilitas dan kegiatan remaja yang beresiko menjadi media tertularnya Covid-19. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian terdahulu ditunjukkan bahwa sikap remaja terhadap upaya pencegahan Covid-19 sebagian besar masih kurang sesuai ditandai dengan kurangya kesadaran mematuhi protokol kesehatan, pengabaian dikarenakan menganggap bahwa remaja memiliki imunitas yang kuat, serta masih tingginya mobilitas remaja. Statistik menunjukkan bahwa angka Covid-19 di Yogyakarta terus mengalami peningkatan sampai dengan Februari 2021. Diperkuat dengan belum adanya penelitian yang meneliti sikap pencegahan Covid-19 terhadap populasi remaja di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakata, maka peneliti ingin melihat dan meneliti bagaimana sikap remaja terhadap pencegahan Covid-19 di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran sikap remaja terhadap infeksi Covid-19 serta mengetahui perbedaan sikap remaa berdasarkan karakteristik demografi, diantaranya jenis kelamin, usia, serta sumber informasi terkait Covid-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Partisipan penelitian ini merupakan remaja di SMA N 1 Depok dengan rentang usia 15-18 tahun yang berjumlah 190 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi instrumen kuesioner penelitian yang berjudul Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa dalam Pencegahan COVID-19. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan secara daring mulai dari bulan Januari-Februari 2022. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji univariat untuk melihat gambaran frekuensi dan distribusi data sikap remaja terhadap infeksi Covid-19 serta uji bivariat mengunakan uji statistik Mann-Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan sikap berdasarkan usia serta jenis kelamin responden dan uji statistik Kruskall-Walis untuk melihat perbedaan sikap remaja berdasarkan sumber informasi terkait Covid-19. Hasil: Sebanyak 107 remaja (56,3%) masih memiliki sikap kurang baik dalam pencegahan infeksi Covid-19. Berdasarkan uji Man-Whitney terdapat perbedaan sikap remaja berdasarkan jenis kelamin (p=0,040) namun tidak terdapat perbedaan sikap berdasarkan kelompok usia remaja (p=0,740). Kemudian berdasarkan uji Kurskal-Walis tidak terdapat perbedaan sikap remaja terhadap pencegahan Covid-19 berdasarkan sumber informasi terkait Covid-19 (p=268). Kesimpulan: Sikap remaja terkait pencegahan infeksi Covid-19 masih tergolong kurang sehingga perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan sikap remaja, serta terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara sikap remaja berdasarkan kelompok jenis kelamin namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara sikap dengan kelompok usia dan sumber informasi terkait Covid-19.

Background: The world, including Indonesia, is currently being hit by a pandemic called Covid-19. The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak spread very quickly due to the ease of transmission, namely through droplets of people with Covid-19. One of the populations vulnerable to contracting Covid-19 is teenagers due to the high mobility and activities of teenagers who are at risk of becoming a medium for contracting Covid19. In addition to high mobility, youth awareness of health protocols is still lacking because they have the assumption that teenagers' immune systems are strong so they are not easily infected with Covid-19. Objective: Knowing adolescent attitudes towards Covid-19 infection and knowing the differences in adolescent attitudes based on demographic characteristics, including gender, age, and sources of information related to Covid-19. Method: This research is a non-experimental quantitative research with a cross sectional study design. The participants of this study were teenagers in SMA N 1 Depok with an age range of 15-18 years, totaling 190 students. This study uses an adaptation of a research questionnaire instrument entitled "Knowledge and Attitudes of Students in COVID-19 Prevention". The data collection process was carried out online starting from January-February 2022. The research analysis used a univariate test to see a description of the frequency and distribution of data on adolescent attitudes towards Covid-19 infection and a bivariate test using the Mann-Whitney statistical test to see differences in attitudes based on age and the test. Kruskall-Walis statistics to see differences in adolescent attitudes by gender and sources of information related to Covid-19. Result: Most of the adolescent attitudes in preventing Covid-19 infection are still in the poor category with a percentage of 56.3%, while good attitudes have a percentage of 43.7% with an average attitude score of 47.52. Based on the Man-Whitney test there was a significant difference between attitude scores based on gender (p=0.040) but based on the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Walis tests there was no significant difference between attitudes based on age (p=0.740) and based on sources of information related to Covid-19 (p=0,268). Conclusion: Adolescent attitudes regarding prevention of Covid-19 infection are still relatively lacking so efforts are needed to improve adolescent attitudes, and there are significant differences between attitudes of adolescents based on gender but there is no significant difference between attitudes based on age and sources of information related to Covid-19.

Kata Kunci : sikap, covid-19, remaja