Gambaran Pemanfaatan Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) Pada Ibu Hamil Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19

RANI LUTHFI INDRIATI, Elsi Dwi Hapsari, S.Kp., M.S., D.S.; Dr. Wiwin Lismidiati, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., Ns., Sp.Kep.Mat.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang : Faktor penyebab utama kematian ibu selama hamil adalah perdarahan hebat. World Health Organization (WHO) menyarankan ibu hamil untuk melakukan kunjungan antenatal berkala agar tanda bahaya kehamilan dapat terdeteksi secara dini, namun selama masa pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), Pemerintah Indonesia memberlakukan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) yang berdampak pada pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI) menyarankan ibu hamil untuk menunda kunjungan antenatal jika tidak terdapat tanda bahaya dan lebih memanfaatkan isi buku KIA selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Tujuan : Mengukur pemanfaatan buku KIA pada ibu hamil selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain observasional deskriptif. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 28 Juni - 5 Juli 2022 dengan 118 responden ibu hamil di Puskesmas Gamping II, Puskesmas Kalasan, Puskesmas Prambanan, dan Puskesmas Sleman. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Alat ukur penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner telah dilakukan uji validitas isi, uji validitas konstruk, dan uji reliabilitas dengan hasil valid dan reliabel. Hasil data kategorik disajikan berupa distribusi frekuensi persentase dan data numerik berupa ukuran pemusatan data. Data numerik dilakukan uji normalitas untuk menemukan cut-off point. Hasil : Lebih dari setengah responden telah memanfaatkan buku KIA dengan baik (55,08%). Buku KIA paling banyak dimanfaatkan oleh responden dewasa awal (38,14%), masa reproduksi sehat (46,61%), tingkat pendidikan menengah (39,83%), tidak bekerja (47,46%), berstatus kawin (70,34%), multigravida (40,68%), telah memasuki trimester III (33,05%), dan patuh dalam melakukan kunjungan antenatal ke pelayanan kesehatan (56,78%). Kesimpulan : Pemanfaatan buku KIA pada ibu hamil selama masa pandemi COVID-19 telah baik.

Background : The main cause of maternal death during pregnancy is heavy bleeding. World Health Organization (WHO) advises pregnant women to carry out regular antenatal visits so that danger signs of pregnancy can be detected early, but during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indonesian Government imposed a policy of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which had an impact on maternal and child health (MCH) health services. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (MOH RI) advises pregnant women to postpone antenatal visits if there are no danger signs and make better use of the contents of the MCH handbook during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective : Measuring the utilization of MCH handbook for pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Method : This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive observational design. Data collection was carried out on 28 June - 5 July 2022 with 118 pregnant women respondents at the Gamping II Health Center, Kalasan Health Center, Prambanan Health Center, and Sleman Health Center. Sampling using consecutive sampling technique. Research measuring instrument using a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been tested for content validity, construct validity, and reliability with valid and reliable results. The results of categorical data are presented in the form of a percentage frequency distribution and numerical data in the form of a measure of data concentration. Numerical data was tested for normality to find the cut-off point. Result : More than half of respondents have used MCH handbook well (55.08%). MCH handbook was mostly used by early adulthood (38.14%), healthy reproductive period (46.61%), secondary education level (39.83%), not working (47 .46%), married status (70.34%), multigravida (40.68%), had entered the third trimester (33.05%), and were obedient in conducting antenatal visits to health services (56.78%). Conclusion : The utilization of MCH handbook for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic has been good.

Kata Kunci : Buku KIA, ibu hamil, COVID-19.