RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES, CHEMICAL CONTENT, AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND IN STRAWBERRY FRUIT (Fragaria x ananassa var. Summer Tiara)

EVELINE IVANA P, Prof. Hideki Murayama; Moh. Affan Fajar Falah, STP, M.Agr., Ph.D.; Andri Prima Nugroho, STP., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM

2022 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) adalah buah non-klimaterik yang sangat terkenal di antara buah beri. Stroberi adalah sumber buah yang kaya senyawa bioaktif yang dianggap memiliki manfaat meningkatkan kesehatan dan mencegah penyakit. Banyak penelitian telah mengidentifikasi warna, tekstur, aroma, dan kepuasan antara rasa manis dan asam sebagai faktor yang signifikan dalam menentukan kualitas buah strawberry secara keseluruhan. Namun, sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian khusus mengenai korelasi dan model regresi antar atribut kualitas buah strawberry everbearing (Fragaria x ananassa var. Summer Tiara). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kandungan fisik, kimia, dan volatil stroberi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan banyak stroberi dengan tingkat kematangan acak. Salah satu atribut fisik yaitu warna diukur menggunakan chromameter dengan pendekatan CIELAB yang mengandung lightness (L*), redness (a*), dan yellowness (b*), komponen warna lain seperti chroma (C*) dan hue angle (h*) dihitung dengan persamaan. Sementara itu, kekerasan diukur menggunakan rheometer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) digunakan untuk analisis gula dan asam organik. Senyawa organik volatil stroberi dideteksi dengan metode analisis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Uji statistik korelasi pearson dengan curve fitting dilakukan untuk mencari grafik yang paling cocok untuk model regresi antar atribut. Di antara atribut fisik, h* memiliki korelasi tertinggi, sedangkan a* dan L* memiliki korelasi sedang dengan kekerasan. Selanjutnya, kadar gula memiliki korelasi moderat yang paling dekat dengan kekerasan sementara asam sitrat, asam total, dan rasio gula-asam berkorelasi lebih dekat dengan b* daripada atribut fisik lainnya. Selama tahap pematangan, total VOC yang terdeteksi meningkat, diikuti oleh akumulasi ester pada buah yang terlalu matang. Secara umum, kedua sifat fisik tersebut menunjukkan korelasi dengan kandungan kimia dan VOC, lalu dengan model regresinya dapat dijelaskan nilai masing-masing kualitas.

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a very well-known non-climateric fruit amid berries. It is a rich source of bioactive compounds that are thought to have health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits. Many studies have identified color, texture, aroma, and the contentment between sweetness and sourness as significant factors in determining the overall quality of strawberry fruit. However, until now, there is no specific study on the correlation and regression model among quality attributes of everbearing strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa var. Summer Tiara). This research aims to determine the relationship between strawberries' physical, chemical, and volatile content. The experiment was conducted using many strawberries with random degrees of ripeness. One of the physical attributes, color, is measured using chromameter with CIELAB approaches which contain lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*), another color component such as chroma (C*) and hue angle (h*) was calculated by equation. Meanwhile, firmness is quantified using a rheometer. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is run for sugar and organic acid analysis. The strawberry's volatile organic compound (VOC) is detected by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method. Pearson correlation statistical test was carried out together with curve fitting to find the most suitable graph line for the regression models among attributes. Among the physical attribute, h* had the highest correlation, while a* and L* owned a moderate correlation with firmness. Furthermore, sugar content had a closest moderate correlation with firmness while citric, total acid, and sugar-acid ratios correlated closer with b* than other physical attributes. During the maturity stage, the total detected VOC was increased, followed by the accumulation of esters in the overripe fruit. In general, both the physical attributes showed correlations with chemical content and VOC, and by its regression model, the value of each quality could be described.

Kata Kunci : Quality relationship, Strawberry, Summer Tiara, Texture, Volatile compound