Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tindakan Pekerja Konstruksi dalam Pelaksanaan Protokol Kesehatan COVID-19

RIVARA SYARA NST, Prof. Ir. Budi Hartono, ST., MPM., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Meminimalkan risiko terpapar COVID-19 pada pekerja proyek konstruksi sangatlah penting. Hal ini merupakan tantangan bagi industri konstruksi dikarenakan sebagian besar para pekerjanya diharuskan untuk bekerja di tempat agar dapat melakukan aktivitas dan pemantauan pekerjaan dengan baik. Upaya pencegahan penularan COVID-19 pada industri konstruksi dituangkan didalam PUPR No. 2 tahun 2020 tentang Protokol Pencegahan Penyebaran COVID- 19 dalam Penyelenggaraan Jasa Konstruksi pada tanggal 27 Maret 2020. Salah satu anjuran yang terdapat dalam kebijakan tersebut adalah bekerja dengan mengikuti tindakan pencegahan yang dianjurkan pemerintah yaitu dengan pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi pekerja proyek konstruksi dalam pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan COVID-19. Dalam penelitian ini variabel-variabel yang digunakan diambil dari pendekatan theory of planned behaviour dan protection motivation theory. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan unit analisis individu dan banyaknya sampel sejumlah 99 orang. Pengolahan data dipisahkan antara pekerja proyek konstruksi yang memiliki kebijakan perusahaan wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 dan pekerja proyek konstruksi dengan kebijakan perusahaan tidak wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 dengan pengujian statistik utama yaitu PLS-SEM. Mayoritas pekerja proyek konstruksi dengan kebijakan wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 memiliki jenjang pendidikan terakhir S1, dan bekerja pada jenis konstruksi infrastruktur, sedangkan pekerja proyek konstruksi dengan kebijakan tidak wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 memiliki pendidikan terakhir SMA dan bekerja pada jenis konstruksi perumahan atau permukiman.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada pekerja proyek konstruksi yang memiliki kebijakan perusahaan wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 dan tidak diwajibkan sudah divaksin COVID-19 diperoleh hasil pengetahuan COVID-19 memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap persepsi risiko COVID-19, serta pengetahuan COVID-19 juga memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap penilaian coping dan variabel niat akan mempengaruhi tindakan pekerja proyek konstruksi dalam pelaksanaan PROKES COVID-19. Pada pekerja proyek konstruksi dengan kebijakan perusahaan wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 terdapat hubungan yang positif pada variabel penilaian coping dan norma subjektif pada niat pekerja proyek konstruksi dalam pelaksanaan PROKES COVID-19 sedangkan pada pekerja proyek konstruksi dengan kebijakan tidak wajib sudah divaksin COVID-19 terdapat hubungan yang positif pada variabel pengetahuan COVID-19 dan penilaian coping pada niat pelaksanaan PROKES COVID-19.

Minimizing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for construction project workers is very important.This is a challenge for the construction industry because most workers are required to work in place to carry out activities and monitor work properly. Efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the construction industry are stated in PUPR Number 2 of 2020 concerning Protocols for Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Implementation of Construction Services, dated March 27, 2020. One of these recommendations is contained in the policy, working by following the recommended preventive measures by the government, namely the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol. This study was conducted to look at the variables that affect construction project workers in implementing the COVID-19 health protocol. In this study, the variables used were taken from the theory of planned behavior and the theory of protection motivation. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique with an individual unit of analysis and the number of samples was 99 people. Data processing is separated between construction project workers who have mandatory company policies to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 and construction project workers with company policies not required to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 with the primary statistical test, namely PLS-SEM. Most construction project workers with a COVID-19 vaccination policy are required to have the latest undergraduate education level and work in a type of infrastructure construction. On the other hand, construction project workers with non-compulsory policies who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 have a high school education and work in residential or residential construction types. Based on the results of research on construction project workers who have mandatory company policies that have been vaccinated against COVID-19 and are not required to be vaccinated against COVID-19, it was found that knowledge about COVID-19 had a positive effect on perceptions of COVID-19 risk, and knowledge about COVID-19 also had a positive effect. positively on the assessment of coping and intention variables will affect the actions of construction project workers in the implementation of the COVID-19 PROKES. For construction project workers with mandatory company policies that are vaccinated against COVID-19, there is a positive relationship between the coping assessment variables and subjective norms on the intentions of construction project workers in implementing the COVID-19 PROKES. Meanwhile, for construction project workers with non-mandatory policies who have been vaccinated against COVID-19, there is a positive relationship between the COVID-19 knowledge variable and the assessment of coping to implement the COVID-19 PROKES

Kata Kunci : Pekerja Proyek Konstruksi, Protection Motivation Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, PLS-SEM