Pemeriksaan Klinis dan Laboratoris sebagai Dasar Diagnosis pada Feline Panleukopenia

MUNGKY EMA RAMADHANI, Dr. drh. Soedarmanto Indarjulianto; Dr. drh. Yanuartono, M.P.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) merupakan penyakit infeksi virus yang disebabkan oleh feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) yang menyerang kucing pada segala usia. Gejala klinis yang muncul dan prognosis setiap individu kucing sangat bervariasi. Pemeriksaan laboratoris yang biasa dilakukan antara lain pemeriksaan hematologi dan imunokromatografi antigen (FPV-Ag). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan diagnosis infeksi FPV berdasarkan gejala klinis ditunjang dengan pemeriksaan laboratoris. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor kucing yang menunjukkan gejala klinis terinfeksi FPV termasuk letargi, anoreksia, demam, diare, muntah, dan dehidrasi. Semua kucing diperiksa secara fisik, jumlah leukosit, imunokromatografi antigen terhadap feses serta dikonfirmasi dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hasil penelitian mengenai gejala klinis, jumlah leukosit dan PCR dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan sensitivitas imunokromatografi antigen dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 60% pasien berusia <6 bulan, 33% pasien berusia 6-12 bulan, dan 7% pasien berusia >1 tahun. Infeksi virus terjadi pada 53% kucing jantan dan 47% kucing betina dengan gejala klinis yang beragam antara lain anoreksia (80%), demam (80%), muntah (73%), letargi (67%), diare (40%), dehidrasi (20%), halitosis (20%), rhinitis (13%), hipersalivasi (7%), diare hemoragik (7%), anemia (7%), stomatitis (7%) dan otitis (7%). Pemeriksaan leukosit menunjukkan hasil 20% kucing mempunyai jumlah leukosit <1.000 sel/mm3, 40% 1.000-2.500 sel/mm3, 27% kucing mempunyai jumlah leukosit >2.500 sel/mm3 dan 13% kucing dengan leukosit normal. Uji imunokromatografi antigen menunjukkan bahwa 53% pasien menunjukkan hasil positif, sedangkan 47% pasien negatif. Hasil PCR menggunakan sampel darah menunjukkan bahwa 100% sampel positif FPV. Disimpulkan bahwa diagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan jumlah leukosit serta imunokromatografi antigen perlu dikonfirmasi dengan PCR.

Feline panleukopenia is a viral infectious disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) that affects cats of all ages. Clinical symptoms that appear and the prognosis for each individual cat varies greatly. The usual laboratory examinations include hematological examination and antigen immunochromatography. This study aimed to determine the diagnosis of FPV infection based on clinical symptoms supported by laboratory examinations. This study used 15 cats that showed clinical symptoms of FPV infection including lethargy, anorexia, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. All cats were examined physically, leukocyte count, antigen immunochromatographic, and confirmed by PCR. The results of clinical symptoms, leukocyte count and PCR were analyzed descriptively, while the sensitivity of antigen immunochromatography was analyzed statistically. The results showed that 60% cats were <6 months old, 33% were 6-12 months old, and 7% was >1 year old. Viral infections occurred in 53% of male cats and 47% of female cats with various clinical symptoms including anorexia (80%), fever (80%), vomiting (73%), lethargy (67%), diarrhea (40%), dehydration (20%), halitosis (20%), rhinitis (13%), hypersalivation (7%), hemorrhagic diarrhea (7%), anemia (7%), stomatitis (7%) and otitis (7%). Leukocyte count showed that 20% of cats had a leukocyte count <1,000 cells/mm3, 40% had 1,000-2,500 cells/mm3, 27% had >2,500 cells/mm3 and 13% had normal leukocytes. Antigen immunochromatography test showed that 53% were positive, while 47% were negative. PCR results using blood samples showed that 100% were positive. Concluded that the diagnosis based on clinical examination, leukocyte count and antigen immunochromatography needed to be confirmed by PCR.

Kata Kunci : Feline panleukopenia virus, gejala klinis, imunokromatografi antigen, leukosit, PCR