INDEKS ENTOMOLOGI DAN STATUS KERENTANAN NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI ANDAI, KECAMATAN BANJARMASIN UTARA, KOTA BANJARMASIN, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN TERHADAP MALATION

YUDI YAHYA, Prof. dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan insektisida malation sebagai salah satu program pengendalian vektor demam berdarah dengue dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi. Resistensi nyamuk terhadap malation dapat terjadi melalui mekanisme peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik atau mutasi gen Ace-1. Kelurahan Sungai Andai merupakan salah satu kelurahan dengan jumlah kasus penularan virus dengue terbesar di Kota Banjarmasin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kerentanan Ae. aegypti terhadap malation dan menganalisis indeks entomologi di Kelurahan Sungai Andai, Kota Banjarmasin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Survei dilakukan dengan metode single larva dan koleksi telur menggunakan ovitrap. Status kerentanan diuji dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay, deteksi aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik menggunakan uji biokimia, dan deteksi mutasi gen Ace-1 menggunakan PCR dan sekuensing. Hasil: Berdasarkan maya index terdapat 87,14% rumah termasuk kategori rendah dan 12,86% rumah termasuk kategori sedang sebagai tempat nyamuk berkembang biak. Kelurahan Sungai Andai berisiko sedang sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dengan Angka Bebas Jentik = 81,43 %; House Index = 18,57%; Container Index = 2,38%; Breteau Index = 21,43%; Pupae Index = 4,29%; Density Figure = 4; Ovitrap Index level = 1-2. Aedes aegypti di Kelurahan Sungai Andai tergolong toleran terhadap malation dengan rata-rata mortalitas 95,5%. Uji biokimia menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik sebesar 38,19%. Hasil sekuensing tidak menunjukkan adanya mutasi gen Ace-1. Kesimpulan: Kelurahan Sungai Andai berisiko sedang sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan Ae. aegypti. Meskipun Ae. aegypti di wilayah ini tergolong toleran terhadap malation dan tidak mengalami mutasi gen Ace-1, potensi terjadinya penularan DBD masih tetap ada.

Background: Long-term usage of malathion insecticides as a part of dengue vector control programs can lead to resistance. Resistance of Aedes aegypti to malathion can occur via the mechanism of increased activity of non-specific esterase enzymes or mutations in the Ace-1 gene. Sungai Andai Village is one of the villages, in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan with the highest number of dengue virus transmission cases. Objective: This study aims to determined the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti against malathion and analyzed the entomological index in Sungai Andai Village, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this descriptive study. The survey was conducted using the single larvae method and the eggs were collected by ovitraps. Susceptibility status was determined by a CDC bottle bioassay. A biochemical assay was used to detect non-specific esterase enzyme activity. PCR and sequencing were carried out to detect Ace-1 gene mutation. Results: Based on the Maya Index, 87.14% and 12.86% of houses in the low and moderate categories as Ae. aegypti breeding sites, respectively. Sungai Andai was at moderate risk as an Ae. aegypti breeding site (Angka Bebas Jentik = 81.43%; House Index = 18,57%; Container Index = 2,38%; Breteau Index = 21,43%; Pupae Index = 4,29%; Density Figure = 4; Ovitrap Index level = 1-2). Aedes aegypti in Sungai Andai were tolerant (95,5 % average mortality). The biochemical assay showed increased activity of non-specific esterase enzymes by 38.19%. Sequencing results did not show any mutations in the Ace-1 gene. Conclusion: Sungai Andai Village is at moderate risk as an Ae. aegypti breeding site. Although Ae. aegypti in this area is classified as tolerant due to the presence of elevated non-specific esterase activity and no mutation in the Ace-1 gene, the potential of dengue transmission still remains.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, indeks maya, malation, uji biokimia, gen Ace-1