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KARAKTERISASI DAN SELEKSI FUNGI PENDEGRADASI LIMBAH PEWARNA REMAZOL BLACK B DAN NAFTOL YELLOW S PADA LIMBAH INDUSTRI BATIK DI BANTUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

YASINTA SWASTIKA AYU, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, S.Si., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER BIOLOGI

Industri tekstil seperti batik memberikan kontribusi terhadap sejumlah besar limbah yang dibuang selama proses pencelupan. Zat warna azo merupakan zat warna yang paling banyak digunakan oleh industri tekstil dan tergolong zat warna reaktif seperti pewarna remazol dan naftol. Salah satu pendekatan secara biologis adalah dengan menggunakan teknik bioremediasi menggunakan fungi sebagai agen bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan isolat jamur potensial dalam mendekolorisasi variasi konsentrasi pewarna Remazol Black B (RBB) dan Naftol Yellow S (250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm) dan limbah batik . Isolat potensial yang diperoleh kemudian diidentifikasi dan juga untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan isolat jamur potensial dalam menghasilkan enzim lakase sebagai enzim yang berperan dalam proses bioremediasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 98 isolat jamur, enam isolat menunjukkan positif uji lakase menggunakan asam tanat. Dua dari enam isolat jamur diidentifikasi sebagai Aspergillus sp.1 (74BRT) dan Aspergillus sp.2 (105PDL) dipilih untuk penelitian lebih lanjut berdasarkan efisiensi dekolorisasinya terhadap pewarna RBB (97,87% dan 93,62%) dan Naftol Yellow S (87,62% dan 89,99%). Efisiensi dekolorisasi Aspergillus sp.1 dan Aspergillus sp.2 terhadap limbah batik jauh lebih rendah (37,47% dan 42,09%) dibandingkan efisiensinya tehadap pewarna RBB dan Naftol Yellow S. Uji lakase kedua isolat ini menunjukkan bahwa Aspergillus sp.1 memiliki aktivitas enzim tertinggi pada 120 jam mencapai 12,23 IU/ml sedangkan Aspergillus sp.2 mencapai 9,34 IU/ml. Berdasarkan gen ITS, Aspergillus sp.1 memiliki kemiripan 100% dengan Aspergillus tamarii 54 sedangkan Aspergillus sp. 2 memiliki kemiripan 100% dengan Aspergillus sclerotiorum WSMT12. Penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan potensi jamur untuk pengolahan limbah cair pewarna.

The textile industry such as batik contributed for a large amount of waste that is disposed during the dyeing process. Azo dyes were the most commonly used dyes by the textile industry and classified as reactive dyes including remazol and naphthol dyes. One of the biological treatments is using bioremediation techniques using fungi as a bioremediation agent. This study aims to identification on the ability of potential fungal isolates to decolorize variations in concentrations of Remazol Black B (RBB) and Naphthol Yellow S dye (250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm) and batik effluent in liquid medium. The potential isolats obtained were then identified and also to identify the ability of the potential fungal isolats to produce laccase enzymes as enzymes that play a role in the bioremediation process. The results showed among ninety-eight fungal isolat, six isolates were positive for laccase assay using Tannic acid. Two of the six fungal isolates were identified as Aspergillus sp.1 (74BRT) and Aspergillus sp.2 (105PDL), was selected for the further study based on their high efficiency to decolorize RBB (97.87% and 93,62%) and Naphthol Yellow S (87.62% and 89,99%). Meanwhile, the efficiency of Aspergillus sp.1 and Aspergillus sp.2 to decolorize the batik effluent was lower than their efficiency to decolorize dye (37.47% and 42.09%). The laccase assay of these two isolates showed that Aspergillus sp.1 had the highest enzyme activity at 120h reached 12.23 IU/ml while Aspergillus sp.2 reached 9.34 IU/ml. Based on ITS gene, Aspergillus sp.1 had a 100% similarity with Aspergillus tamarii 54 and Aspergillus sp.2 had a 100% similarity with Aspergillus sclerotiorum WSMT12. This research suceeded in obtaining fungal potential for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Kata Kunci : dekolorisasi, fungi pendegradasi, limbah batik, isolasi, seleksi / decolorization, degradation, fungi, batik waste, isolation, selection

  1. S2-2022-452272-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2022-452272-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2022-452272-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2022-452272-title.pdf