Analisis Semantik Kelompok Verba Bermakna Khalaqa dalam Bahasa Arab

ULFAH NURUL AMANAH, Dr. Moh. Masrukhi, M.Hum.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER LINGUISTIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan verba- verba yang bermakna khalaqa dalam bahasa Arab, menganalisis komponen makna yang terdapat di dalamnya, serta mengungkap relasi makna di antara anggota kelompok verba tersebut. Data berupa verba dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari buku berjudul Min Afalil-Khalqi fil-Quranil-Karimi karya Al-Ghili (2013) dan beberapa kamus, yaitu Al-Munjid, Lisanul Arab, Al-Munawwir, Mujamul-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Al-Muashirah, kamus online Al-Maany dan kamus portabel Al-Kamus. Verba-verba yang telah diinventarisasi kemudian dianalisis pemakaiannya dalam kalimat. Data kalimat diambil dari Al-Quran dan dua korpus, yaitu Arabic Corpus Tool serta Arabic-Leipzig Corpora Collection. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis komponen maknanya untuk menemukan fitur semantik dan komponen pembeda setiap verba memanfaatkan teori Ulman (1977) dan teori analisis komponen Nida (1975) untuk melihat dua sisi makna analitis (referensial) dan makna operasional (kontekstual). Relasi makna yang terdapat di antara kelompok verba bermakna khalaqa dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik ganti. Hasilnya ditemukan sekurang-kurangnya 21 verba yang bermakna khalaqa, yaitu khalaqa, jaala, ansyaa, fathara, badaa, badaa, dzaraa, baraa, shanaa, amila, anbata, zaraa, aujada, kawwana, batstsa, shawwara, ikhtaraa, istachdatsa, wallada, jabala, fajjara. Melalui analisis komponen makna ditemukan lima fitur semantik, yaitu 1) pelaku (fail), 2) proses (thariqah), 3) tempo (amaliyah), 4) bahan (maddah) dan 5) objek (natijah). Adapun di dalam analisis relasi makna telah ditemukan sekurang-kurangnya dua relasi makna, yaitu relasi inklusi (hiponimi) dan relasi tumpang tindih (sinonimi). Kata kunci: semantik, analisis komponensial, relasi makna, verba khalaqa.

This study aims to describe the group of verbs that means khalaqa in Arabic, the components of meaning contained in it, and the meaning relation among members of the verb group khalaqa. The data in the form of verbs in this study were obtained from a book entitled "Min Af'alil-Khalqi fil-Qur'anil-Karimi" by Al-Ghili (2013) and several dictionaries. The dictionaries used include, Al-Munjid, Lisanul Arabic, Al-Munawwir, Mujamul-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Al-Muashirah, Al-Maany online dictionary and Al-Kamus portable dictionary. The verbs that have been inventoried are then analyzed for their use in sentences. Sentence data is taken from the Al-Quran and two corpus, namely the Arabic Corpus Tool and the Arabic-Leipzig Corpora Collection. Furthermore, the analysis of the semantic components was used to find the semantic features distinguishing each verb. The meaning relations between groups of verbs that means khalaqa were analyzed using the agih method with the substitution technique. In this study found at least 21 verbs that means khalaqa, that is khalaqa, jaala, ansyaa, fathara, badaa, badaa, dzaraa, baraa, shanaa, amila, anbata, zaraa, aujada, kawwana, batstsa, shawwara, ikhtaraa, istachdatsa, wallada, jabala, fajjara. Through the analysis of the components of meaning found five semantic features, namely 1) actor (fail), 2) process (thariqah), 3) activity (amaliyah), 4) material (maddah) and 5) result (natijah). Meanwhile, in the analysis of meaning relations, at least two meaning relations have been found, namely the inclusion relation (hyponymy) and the overlapping relation (synonym). Keywords: semantics, componential analysis, meaning relation, khalaqa verb.

Kata Kunci : semantik, analisis komponensial, relasi makna, verba khalaqa