Laporkan Masalah

Keragaman Genetik Ikan Glodok (Periopthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837) dari Pantai Baros, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berdasarkan Gen Mitokondria 16S

ANNISA RAMADHANI N, Dra. Tuty Arisuryanti, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman biota laut melimpah salah satunya ikan glodok yang dapat ditemukan di Pantai Baros, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Ikan glodok sering dijumpai di ekosistem mangrove serta dataran lumpur dan memiliki keunikan yaitu dapat berjalan, memanjat, melompat keluar dari air. Penelitian keragaman genetik ikan glodok di Indonesia masih terbatas. Padahal penelitian keragaman genetik ikan glodok dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dalam upaya konservasi ikan glodok dihabitatnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman genetik ikan glodok (Periopthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837) yang berasal dari Pantai Baros berdasarkan gen mitokondria 16S. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode PCR dengan primer 16Sar dan 16Sbr. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, elektroforesis, DNA purifikasi, dan DNA sekuensing. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan program GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA, DnaSP, dan NETWORK. Hasil analisis BLAST menunjukkan nilai similaritas 98,37%-98,65% dengan P. argentilineatus dari database GenBank. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan komposisi nukleotida dan jarak genetik antar sampel yaitu 0,00%- 0,17% dengan rerata 0,067%. Dari 5 sampel yang diteliti terdapat 2 haplotipe dengan 1 variable sites tanpa parsimony sites, nilai haplotype diversity 0,400, dan nilai nucleotide diversity 0,00067. Hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan terdapat variasi genetik intrapopulasi. Adapun hasil analisis variasi genetik interpopulasi (intraspesies) menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi nukleotida dan jarak genetik antar sampel populasi yaitu 0,00%-2,00% dengan rerata 0,69%. Dari 22 sampel yang diteliti terdapat 9 haplotipe dengan 11 variable sites dan 7 parsimony sites, nilai haplotype diversity 0,775, dan nilai nucleotide diversity 0,00687. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat variasi genetik interpopulasi (intraspesies). Selain itu, hasil analisis haplotype network dengan sampel-sampel dari database GenBank menunjukkan bahwa sampel P. argentilineatus dari Pantai Baros membentuk haplotipe spesifik dan analisis filogenetik menujukkan bahwa P.argentilineatus dari Pantai Baros memiliki hubungan kekerabatan jauh dengan sampel P. argentilineatus dari Muara Tekolok dan GenBank.

Indonesia has an abundant diversity of marine life, Barred mudskipper is one of the fish that can be found in Baros Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Barred mudskipper are often found in mangrove ecosystems and mudflats and have the uniqueness of being able to walk, climb, jump out of the water. However, research on genetic variation in mudskipper fish is very limited. Research on genetic variation should be done to find out information as an effort for mudskipper conservation in their habitat. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze genetic variation of mudskipper fish (Periopthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837) from Baros Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta based on 16S mitochondrial gene. This research was conducted using a PCR method with primers 16Sar and 16Sbr. The steps of the procedure of this research was included fish sampling, DNA isolation, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, purification, and sequencing followed by data analysis using GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA, DnaSP, and NETWORK software. The results of analysis using BLAST revealed similarity value 98.37%-98.65% with P. argentilineatus from GenBank database. The result of analysis showed different nucleotide composition between samples with genetic distance between 0.00% and 0.17% (average of 0.067%). The intrapopulation analysis revealed 2 haplotypes with 1 variable site without parsimony informative site, haplotype diversity 0.400, and nucleotide diversity 0.00067. The results indicated that there is intrapopulation genetic variation. Analysis of interpopulation (intraspecies) genetic variation exhibited differences in nucleotide composition with genetic distance between 0.00% and 2.00% (average of 0.69%). The intraspecific analysis revealed 9 haplotypes with 11 variable sites and 7 parsimony informative sites. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.775 and 0.00687 respectively. The results indicated genetic variation in interpopulation (intrapecies) levels. The results of haplotype network showed that samples from Baros Beach formed specific haplotypes and phylogeny tree showed that P. argentilineatus from Baros Beach had a distant relationship with P. argentilineatus samples from Muara Tekolok and GenBank.

Kata Kunci : Gen mitokondria 16S, ikan glodok, keragaman genetik, Pantai Baros