Karakteristik Minyak Nyamplung yang Diproses Menggunakan Mesin Screw Press dengan Perlakuan Kadar Air Awal Biji Nyamplung

TIARA DINDA FAIZZA, Dr. Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, S.T.P., M.Eng. ; Makbul Hajad STP, M.Eng.,Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris yang memiliki banyak tanaman nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). Minyak nyamplung merupakan hasil dari ekstraksi biji nyamplung menggunakan mesin screw press. Potensi minyak nyamplung yang dihasilkan di Indonesia cukup besar, karena minyak tersebut mengandung berbagai kandungan antibakteri yang berfungsi sebagai obat dan sebagai bahan baku farmasi (kosmetik). Dalam penelitian sebelumnya belum diketahui apakah kadar air biji nyamplung mempengaruhi karakteristik hasil minyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi kadar air biji nyamplung manakah yang menghasilkan karakteristik minyak nyamplung dan bungkil terbaik berdasarkan analisis kadar air, densitas, pH, viskositas, bilangan asam, dan kadar asam lemak bebas untuk minyak serta kadar air, kadar minyak, dan warna untuk bungkil. Kadar air biji yang digunakan adalah 3,5%, 5,5%, dan 7,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air biji nyamplung berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik minyak nyamplung yang diperoleh. Semakin tinggi kadar air biji nyamplung, semakin rendah kualitas minyaknya. Sehingga dari ketiga variasi kadar air biji tersebut, variasi kadar air biji nyamplung 3,5% menghasilkan karakteristik minyak dan bungkil yang terbaik.

Indonesia is an agricultural country that is well-known for its diversity, one of them is tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). Tamanu oil is produced by extracting the seeds using a screw press machine. Its oil production in Indonesia is immense potential due to its antibacterial properties that can be utilized in medicine area, or pharmaceuticals (cosmetics) as a raw material. Nevertheless, the study about the effect of moisture content of tamanu seeds on the characteristic of oil yield has not been observed yet. This study aimed to determine the variations in the seeds� moisture and which one will produce the best characteristics in tamanu oil and oil cake. The analysis in this study based on water content, density, pH, viscosity, acid number, free fatty acid content for oil, moisture and oil content, as well as color of oil cake. Meanwhile, the seed moisture variations used in this study were 3,5%, 5,5%, and 7,5%. The results showed the moisture of tamanu seeds affects the characteristics of oil production. The higher the moisture content of tamanu seeds, the lower the quality of the oil. Furthermore, among three variations of moisture content, tamanu seeds with 3,5% moisture content produced the best characteristics of oil and cake.

Kata Kunci : kualitas minyak nyamplung, sifat fisik, screw press, FFA / quality of tamanu oil, screw press, physical properties, FFA