Pengaruh Penambahan Cellulose Nanocrystalline dari Limbah Rami pada Bahan Bioplastik PVA-Kitosan

LILIS KURNIASARI, Prof. D.Eng. Yusril Yusuf, S.Si., M.Si., M.Eng.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FISIKA

Telah dilakukan pembuatan bioplastik berbahan polivinil alkohol (PVA)-kitosan dengan penambahan cellulosa nanocrystaline (CNC) dari limbah rami sebagai filler. Limbah rami diproses alkalisasi, pengelantangan (bleaching), dan hidrolisis asam untuk mendapatkan CNC. Pembuatan nanokomposit bioplastik dilakukan dengan metode film casting menggunakan larutan PVA 10% dan 1% kitosan dengan variasi penambahan CNC dari limbah rami 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, dan 4%. Nanokomposit bioplastik kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, UTM, Uji Swelling, dan Uji Biodegradable. Pengujian XRD menunjukkan derajat kristalinitas dari 60,34 % sampai 64,76 %. Pengujian FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O stretching, dan C-O-C stretching. Nilai kuat tarik bioplastik berkisar antara (28 ± 1) MPa sampai (40 ± 2) MPa. Nilai elongation at break bioplastik bernilai antara (16 ± 4) % sampai (50 ± 12) %. Persentase swelling bioplastik antara 336,2007 % sampai 497,8693 %. Waktu degradasi rata-rata bioplastik berkisar antara (139 ± 43) hari sampai (302 ± 81) hari.

A bioplastic from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan has been made with the addition of cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) from ramie waste as a filler. Hemp waste is processed by alkalization, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to obtain CNC. The manufacture of bioplastic nanocomposites was carried out by the film casting method using a 10% PVA solution and 1% chitosan solution with variations in the addition of CNC from hemp waste 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The bioplastic nanocomposites were then characterized using XRD, FTIR, UTM, Swelling Test, and Biodegradable Test. XRD test showed the degree of crystallinity from 60.34 % to 64.76 %. FTIR test showed functional groups O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O stretching, and C-O-C stretching. The tensile strength of bioplastics ranged from (28 ± 1) MPa to (40 ± 2) MPa. The elongation at the break value of bioplastics is between (16 ± 4) % and (50 ± 12) %. The percentage of swelling of bioplastics is between 336,2007 % to 497,8693 %. The average degradation time of bioplastics ranged from (139 ± 43) days to (302 ± 81) days.

Kata Kunci : rami, polivinil alkohol, kitosan, selulosa nanokristalin/ramie, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, cellulose nanocrystalline