Pengaruh Kenaikan Upah Minimum Provinsi terhadap Kondisi Kesehatan Pekerja Formal: Studi Kasus Indonesia

RICKYCHANDRAWAN H., Eny Sulistyaningrum, S.E., M.A., Ph.D

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU EKONOMI

Di Indonesia, studi mengenai topik upah minimum dan kesehatan masih relatif jarang dilakukan. Hubungan kausalitas antara upah minimum dan kesehatan yang ditunjukkan oleh sejumlah studi terdahulu dan secara teori masih inkonklusif. Dalam satu dekade terakhir, upah minimum provinsi di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan yang diiringi oleh sejumlah peningkatan kondisi kesehatan di Indonesia melalui peningkatan cakupan asuransi kesehatan BPJS, penurunan persentase penduduk yang mengalami keluhan kesehatan selama sebulan terakhir, dan penurunan persentase pengeluaran kesehatan OOP terhadap total pengeluaran kesehatan. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh kenaikan upah minimum provinsi terhadap kondisi dan investasi kesehatan dari pekerja formal di Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan data pooled cross section dua periode, 2007 dan 2014 . Secara umum, hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan upah minimum berdampak positif terhadap kesehatan mental pekerja formal. Secara spesifik, peningkatan upah minimum berdampak positif terhadap kesehatan mental dari pekerja formal pria dan wanita, dan kesehatan fisik dari pekerja formal wanita. Selain itu, upah minimum juga meningkatkan besaran investasi kesehatan berupa konsumsi sayuran dan kepuasan kerja dari pekerja formal pria, dan konsumsi makanan pokok, sayuran, buah, dan kepuasan kerja dari pekerja formal wanita. Dengan demikian, upah minimum dapat menjadi instrumen bagi pemerintah untuk mendorong peningkatan kondisi kesehatan dan investasi kesehatan dari pekerja formal baik pria maupun wanita.

In Indonesia, studies addresing the topic of minimum wages and health are relatively few. The causal relationship between the minimum wages and health shown by the previous studies and theoretically is still inconclusive. During the last decade, the provincial minimum wages in Indonesia have been steadily increasing along with the increases of the health conditions in Indonesia through the increase of BPJS health insurance coverage, the reduction of the number of people who had health complaint during the last month, and the decrease of the OOP health expenditure percentage of the total health expenditure. This study evaluates the impact of provincial minimum wage increases on the health conditions and investments of the Indonesian formal workers by using pooled cross section data with two periods, that is 2007 and 2014. Generally, this study shows that the minimum wage increases have positive impact on the mental health of the formal workers. Specifically, the minimum wage increases have positive impacts on the mental health of the male and female formal workers, and on the physical health of the female formal workers. This study also suggests that the minimum wage increases increase the health investments, such as the vegetables intake and the health satisfaction of the male formal workers, and the intake of staple food, vegetables, and fruits, and the health satisfaction of the female formal workers. Thus, the minimum wage can be the instrument used by the government to promote the increases of the health conditions and investment of both the male and female formal workers.

Kata Kunci : pekerja formal, upah minimum, kondisi kesehatan, investasi kesehatan