KUALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TIGA JENIS MINYAK ATSIRI EKALIPTUS TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli

JIHAN TAWANG B, Rini Pujiarti, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Ekaliptus merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Salah satu potensi pemanfaatannya sebagai antibakteri alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko-kimia dan komponen kimia, serta pengaruh konsentrasi dan jenis minyak atsiri Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Minyak ekaliptus diekstrak dengan destilasi kukus selama 6 jam. Minyak ekaliptus diuji sifat fisiko-kimia berdasarkan SNI 3954-2014 dan dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA. Uji komposisi kimia menggunakan alat GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Aktivitas antibakteri minyak ekaliptus diuji dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dianalisis dengan two way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, dan Eucalyptus citriodora masing-masing 0,26%, 0,51%, dan 0,59%. Hasil pengujian kualitas minyak Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora masing-masing memiliki warna jernih kekuningan dan bau khas ekaliptus, bobot jenis 0,905 ; 0,919 ; 0,900, putaran optis -0,80 ; -1,20 ; -0,630, indeks bias 1,463 ; 1,474 ; 1,458, dan kelarutan alkohol 1:1 keruh. Minyak Eucalyptus urograndis dan Eucalyptus camaldulensis mengandung 12 dan 26 senyawa kimia dengan senyawa utama serupa yaitu Eucalyptol, D-limonene, alpha-pinene. Minyak Eucalyptus citriodora mengandung 22 senyawa kimia dengan senyawa utama Citronellal, Isopulegol, Dihydrocarveol. Minyak Eucalyptus urograndis dan Eucalyptus camaldulensis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 25%,50%, 75% dengan konsentrasi minyak 75% memberikan efektivitas terbesar yaitu 74,61% dan 82,16%, sedangkan minyak Eucalyptus citriodora tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli.

Eucalyptus is one of the essential oil-producing plants that have many benefits. One of its potential benefit is as a natural antibacterial. This study aims to determine physico-chemical properties, chemical components, as well as the interaction between essential oils concentration and eucalypt species such as Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora as antibacterial against Escherichia coli. Eucalyptus oil was extracted by water steam distillation method for 6 hours. Eucalyptus oil was tested for physico-chemical properties based on SNI 3954-2014 and analyzed by one way ANOVA. Chemical composition test conducted with GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) which was analyzed descriptively. Antibacterial activity of eucalyptus oil tested by Kirby-Bauer method which was analyzed by two way ANOVA. The results showed that oil yield of Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Eucalyptus citriodora respectively are 0.26%, 0.51%, and 0.59%. Physico-chemical properties of Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora oils respectively are clear to yellow colored, had distinctive eucalyptus odor, specific gravity of 0.905; 0.919 ; 0.900, optical rotation of -0.80 ; -1.20 ; -0.630, refractive index of 1.463 ; 1.474 ; 1.458, and miscibility in 80% ethanol with ratio 1:1 is turbid. Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis oils contains 12 and 26 chemical compounds with similar major compounds namely Eucalyptol, D-limonene, alpha-pinene. Eucalyptus citriodora oil contains 22 chemical compounds with major compounds such as Citronellal, Isopulegol, Dihydrocarveol. Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis oils have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 25%, 50%, 75% oil concentration with 75% concentration gave the greatest effectiveness, were 74.61% and 82.16% while Eucalyptus citriodora oil was not have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.

Kata Kunci : minyak atsiri ekaliptus, sifat fisiko-kimia, komponen kimia, antibakteri