Habib, Islam dan Otoritas Keagamaan: Penerimaan Masyarakat Muslim di Kota Banyuwangi

ATHO ILAH ALY N, Prof. Irwan Abdullah

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ANTROPOLOGI

Habib di masyarakat Muslim. Kehadiran Habib mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keislamaan pada masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengambarkan sejarah keberadaan Habib di Banyuwangi, penerimaan Habib dengan masyarakat Muslim Banyuwangi dan alasan Habib diterima di masyarakat Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dalam proses pengambilan dan analisis data, teknik pengumpulan data adalah participant-observation, in-dept interview, dan dokumentasi. Untuk kepentingan pengumpulan data ini juga maka peneliti tinggal dilokasi penelitian dan mengikuti hampir seluruh kegiatan Habib lebih khusus yang berkaitan dengan data yang dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sejarah kehadiran Habib tidak dilepaskan proses keislamaan dalam menyebarkan agama Islam. Bukti sejarah kehadiran Habib ditemukan mulai dari folklore Syekh Maulana Ishak yang menyebuhkan Putri Raja Blambangan, hingga ditemukan berbagai macam makam di sekitar kampung Arab yang menunjukkan Habib memiliki hubungan dakwah dan perdagangan dengan masyarakat sekitar. Kehidupan Habib dipengaruhi setting sosial, mulai dari kebijakan pemerintah kolonial yang menyebabkan terisolasi Habib dalam struktur masyarakat setempat. Setelah, kebijakan sistem perkampungan dihapuskan, Habib kosisten berkiprah di dalam bidang dakwah dan perdagangan. Penerimaan masyarakat Muslim terhadap Habib memposisikan peranan Habib, sebagai pendakwah ulung, leader majelis Taklim, Cultural Broker, berjiwa filantropis dan ahli Konsoler. Habib distrukturkan dalam masyarakat Muslim, sebagai kelompok elite keagamaan, hubungan patronase Habib meliputi pegawai dan majikan, antara Habib dan Santri, Kontestasi Habib dan Kiai, dan Ikatan Cinta antara Habib dan Muhibbin. Bentuk hubungan dengan Habib dan Masyarakat Muslim terdapat pada resistensi terhadap Habib, mulai proses adaptasi, adopsi dan akulturasi terhadap Habib, Asimilasi melalui pernikahan. Faktor diterima Habib di dalam masyarakat Muslim yang terdapat basis legitimasi yang meliputi alasan nasab suci, kharisma membangun kuasa, sistem ekonomi dan Habib sebagai represetasi Islam. Wacana yang dibawa oleh Habib meliputi Islam Kaffah, Islam Sunni, Hadramisasi yang menyebar pada struktur masyarakat Muslim di Banyuwangi. Penerimaan Habib dalam masyarakat Muslim menkonstruksi masa depan Habib yang meliputi Habib dalam peta konflik dan Habib sebagai kelompok transetnis.

Banyuwangi known as a multi-ethnic area was arrived by Habib in the Muslim community. Habib's presence has an influence on Islam in the surrounding community. This study aims to describe the history of Habib's e, Habib's acceptance, and the reasons for Habib's acceptance in the Banyuwangi Muslim community. This research is conducted ethnographically with a qualitative approach in the process of data collection and analysis, data collection is participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. To collect all this data, the researcher stayed at the research location and followed almost all of Habib's activities, more specifically related to the data needed. This study shows that the history of Habib's presence in Banyuwangi was released by the Islamic process by Habib in spreading Islam. Historical evidence of Habib's presence was found starting from the folklore of Sheikh Maulana Ishak who healed the Princess of King Blambangan, to various graves found around the Arab village which showed Habib had da'wah and trade relations with the surrounding community. Habib's life was influenced by social settings, starting from the policies of the colonial government which caused Habib to be isolated in the local community structure. After the village system policy was abolished, Habib consistently took part in da'wah and trade. The acceptance of the Muslim community towards Habib positions Habib's role, as an accomplished preacher, leader of the majelis taklim, Cultural Broker, philanthropic spirit who helps others, and is a console expert. Habib is structured in Muslim society, as a religious elite group, Habib's patronage relationships include employees and employers, between Habib and Santri, Habib and Kiai Contest, and the relationship between Habib and Muhibbin. The form of relations with Habib and the Muslim Community is in resistance to Habib. Starting from the process of adaptation, adoption, and, acculturation of Habib, assimilation through marriage. The reasons for Habib's acceptance in Muslim society are based on legitimacy which includes reasons for the holy lineage, charisma to build power, an economic system, and Habib as a representation of Islam. The discourses brought by Habib included Islam Kaffah, Islam Sunnah, Living Sufism, Hadramization which spread to the structure of Muslim society in Banyuwangi. The acceptance of Habib constructs Habib's future which includes Habib in the conflict map and Habib as a transethnic group.

Kata Kunci : Habib, Masyarakat Muslim, Banyuwangi