PROGRAM DERADIKALISASI OLEH BADAN NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA

MUHAMMAD RAZIB NUR H, Sri Wiyanti Eddyono, S.H., LL.M. (HR), Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM

Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme. Tujuan lain penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji hambatan yang didapati oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme dalam pelaksanaan deradikalisasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis normatif empiris. Penelitian normatif dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan atas berbagai bahan hukum, baik primer, sekunder dan tersier, untuk mendapatkan data sekunder melalui studi dokumen. Penelitian empiris dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data primer melalui penelitian lapangan dengan cara wawancara kepada subjek penelitian dengan mempergunakan pedoman wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil analisis data disajikan secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme memiliki dua klasifikasi. Pertama adalah program deradikalisasi di dalam lapas yang dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, rehabilitasi, reedukasi, resosiliasi, serta pengamatan dan evaluasi. Yang kedua adalah program deradikalisasi diluar lapas yang dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, pembinaan kontra radikalisme, pengamatan, dan evaluasi. 2) Pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi oleh BNPT terkendala oleh berbagai permasalahan internal dan eksternal, permasalahan internal meliputi kesiapan sumber daya manusia, implementasi kebijakan, dan permasalahan kurangnya koordinasi dan terbatasnya ruang kolaborasi, sedangkan permasalahan eksternal berkenaan dengan keyakinan dari para pelaku terorsime, perilaku pelaku terorisme yang dihukum, keengganan para pelaku terorisme untuk bekerja sama, dan permasalahan over kapasitas di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.

This legal research aims to identify and examine the implementation of the deradicalization program by the National Counterterrorism Agency. Another objective of this research is to identify and examine the obstacles encountered by the National Counterterrorism Agency in implementing deradicalization in Indonesia. This research is descriptive with empirical normative type. Normative research is carried out through library research on various legal materials, both primary, secondary and tertiary, to obtain secondary data through document studies. Empirical research was conducted to obtain primary data through field research by interviewing research subjects using interview guidelines. The data obtained from the results of library and field research were analyzed qualitatively. The results of data analysis are presented in an analytical descriptive manner. The results of the study show: 1) The implementation of the deradicalization program by the National Counterterrorism Agency has two classifications. The first is the deradicalization program in prisons which is carried out through the stages of identification, rehabilitation, re-education, resociation, as well as observation and evaluation. This program targets terrorism convicts who are currently serving their prison term. The second is a deradicalization program outside prisons which is carried out through the stages of identification, counter-radicalism development, observation, and evaluation. This program targets ex-convicts of terrorism cases and community groups who are vulnerable to the influence of radical ideologies. 2) The implementation of the deradicalization program by BNPT is constrained by various internal and external problems, internal problems include the readiness of human resources, policies to deal with terrorism, policy implementation, and the problem of lack of coordination and limited collaboration space, while external problems relate to the beliefs of the perpetrators of terrorism, the behavior of the convicted terrorists, the reluctance of the terrorists to cooperate, and the problem of overcapacity in the Correctional Institution.

Kata Kunci : Deradikalisasi, BNPT, Radikal, Terorisme