Pertumbuhan Awal dan Kualitas Semai Hasil Stek Cabang Bambu Hitam (Gigantochla atroviolacea Widjaja) pada Berbagai Intensitas Naungan dan Komposisi Media

NOVIA AGUSLIANA, Dr. Budiadi, S.Hut., M.Agr.Sc. ; Widiyatno, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Bambu merupakan salah satu bahan alternatif pengganti kayu untuk pembuatan mebel, bangunan perumahan dan lain-lain. Bambu hitam banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat karena memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi. Namun budidaya bambu hitam kurang dikembangkan, sehingga memerlukan informasi untuk menunjang perbanyakan bambu hitam. Salah satu perbanyakan bambu paling mudah adalah stek cabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek intensitas naungan dan komposisi media terbaik serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan stek cabang bambu hitam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Silvikultur Intensif Departemen Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi dengan perlakuan intensitas naungan: ternaung 0%, ternaung 35% dan ternaung 55%; dan komposisi media: top soil, top soil-arang sekam (2:1), dan top soil-cocopeat (2:1). Terdapat sembilan kombinasi perlakuan, tiga ulangan, dan delapan unit eksprimen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis of varians (ANOVA) dan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) apabila berpengaruh nyata pada taraf tα=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan intensitas naungan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap beberapa parameter pertumbuhan yaitu persen hidup dan panjang tunas. Perlakuan intensitas naungan 55% memberikan pertumbuhan awal terbaik. Perlakuan komposisi media dan interaksi antar kedua perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan yaitu persen hidup, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, panjang akar, biomassa dan nilai top/root ratio. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa intensitas naungan faktor utama perkembangan dari stek cabang bambu.

Bamboo is one of alternative material to replace wood for furniture, building material, etc. A black bamboo is widely used by the community because it has high aesthetic value. However, the cultivation of black bamboo plantation is less developed, so it requires information to support the propagation of black bamboo. One easy method to propagate bamboo is branch cuttings. This study aims to elucidate the effect of a shade intensity and a media composition and their interactions for the growth of black bamboo branch cuttings. The study was conducted in Intensive Silviculture Laboratory Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experimental design was a split plot design where the shading intensity treatment (0%, 35%, and 55% shading intensity) was as main plot; and media composition treatment, namely top soil; top soil+charcoal husk (2:1); and top soil+cocopeat (2:1) was subplot. There were nine combination treatment, three replications, and eight sample experiment. Data were analyzed by the analysis variance (ANOVA), and the difference among treatments was analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the tα=0,05 level. The results showed that the shade intensity treatment had a significant effect on some growth parameters that was a survival rate of bamboo, and shoot length. The best treatment for early growth of bamboo was 55% of shade intensity. Furthermore, the treatment of media composition and interaction between treatment had no significant effect on growth parameter that were a survival rate of bamboo, shoots number, shoot length, root length, biomass, and top/root ratio. It suggested that shade intensity was the main treatment to support the early growth of branch cutting of bamboo.

Kata Kunci : Bambu hitam, intensitas naungan, komposisi media, stek cabang