Literature Review: Pengaruh Perilaku Ibu Terhadap Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Usia Balita (12-59 Bulan)

AFRA GUSFAYANDRI, Lely Lusmilasari, S.Kp.,M.Kes.,Ph.D; Ema Madyaningrum, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kes., Ph.D

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang masih banyak terjadi di dunia, termasuk pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Faktor risiko penyebab diare yaitu faktor sosiodemografi, faktor lingkungan dan faktor perilaku. Faktor perilaku ibu dalam pencegahan diare meliputi pemberian Air Susu Ibu dan Makanan Pendamping-Air Susu Ibu (ASI dan MP-ASI), praktik cuci tangan, pengolahan air minum, dan status imunisasi. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian yang sudah ada dapat dilakukan literature review untuk melihat pengaruh perilaku ibu terhadap kejadian diare pada anak usia balita (12-59 bulan). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perilaku ibu terhadap kejadian diare pada anak usia balita (12-59 bulan). Metode: Penelitian literature review dengan pendekatan naratif. Pencarian artikel menggunakan database ScienceDirect, EBSChost, dan Google Scholar dengan keyword, P: (Mother OR Parents OR Caregiver) AND, C: ("Diarrhea prevention") AND (Vaccine OR Hygiene OR Vitamin A supplementation OR Breastfeeding), C:-. Hasil: Dari total 315 artikel yang didapat, 5 diantaranya dipilih sebagai bahan literature review. Dari hasil beberapa penelitian tersebut, terdapat 4 kategori faktor perilaku ibu yang dapat meningkatkan prevalensi diare pada balita, yakni tidak melakukan cuci tangan pada aktivitas penting, pengolahan air minum rumah tangga yang tidak aman, tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif dan keterlambatan pemberian MP-ASI, serta tidak diberikannya vaksinasi rotavirus pada balita. Kesimpulan: Faktor perilaku ibu yang meliputi pengolahan air minum, pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI, praktik cuci tangan, dan status imunisasi terbukti dapat meningkatkan kejadian diare.

Background: Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases globally, including those that happen to toddlers. The risk factors for diarrhea are sociodemographic factors, environmental factors, as well as behavioral factors. Maternal behavioral factors in preventing diarrhea include breastfeeding, complementary feeding, hand washing practices, drinking water processing, and immunization status. Based on existing research, a literature review can be conducted in order to observe the effects of maternal behavior on diarrhea incidence in toddlers (12-59 months). Purpose: This research aimed to understand the effects of maternal behavior on diarrhea incidence in toddlers (12-59 months). Method: Literature review research with a narrative approach was applied in this research. In addition, the researcher also used articles search using ScienceDirect, EBSChost, and Google Scholar databases with keywords, P: (Mother OR Parents OR Caregiver) AND, C: ("Diarrhea prevention") AND (Vaccine OR Hygiene OR Vitamin A supplementation OR Breastfeeding), C:-. Result: Out of a total of 315 articles gained, five of them were selected as literature review material. From the results of those studies, there were four categories of maternal behavioral factors that could increase the diarrhea incidence in toddlers, which were not washing hands at crucial times, unsafely processing household drinking water, not giving exclusive breastfeeding and delaying in giving complementary feeding, and not giving Rotavirus vaccination to the toddlers. Conclusion: Maternal behavioral factors, which included drinking water processing, breastfeeding along with complementary feeding, hand washing practices, and immunization status, had been proved to increase the diarrhea incidence. Factors that influenced this behavior were economic suffers, limited access to vaccines, employment status, and the number of people living in the same household.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku ibu, kejadian diare, dan studi pustaka