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KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN DAN KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN (ANALISIS DATA SUSENAS TAHUN 2016)

ANI MULIYANI, Dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: Masalah kualitas tempat tinggal merupakan salah satu masalah global, khususnya bagi negara berkembang. Kualitas lingkungan perumahan dan kondisi sosial ekonomi di wilayah perkotaan dipengaruhi kepadatan penduduk, rumah, dan fasilitas pendukung. Kualitas rumah ditentukan oleh 3 komponen penting, yaitu: sarana sanitasi, sumber air minum dan air bersih. Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi meliputi: pekerjaan, pendidikan, dan pendapatan masyarakat dapat mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan perumahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas pemukiman dan kondisi sosial ekonomi di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif data sekunder Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) tahun 2016 menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini 472.246 rumah tangga tersebar di seluruh kota di Indonesia dengan metode pengambilan sampel two stages one phase stratified sampling. Variabel penelitian ini meliputi dependen adalah kualitas lingkungan perumahan dan independen ialah kondisi sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Analisis data melalui 2 tahap, yaitu: deskriptif dan uji Chi-square dengan tingkat signifikan α = 5%. Hasil: Persentase masyarakat mempunyai tingkat Pendidikan dasar atau rendah 61,08%, bekerja 44,32%, jaminan kesehatan 24,40%, 54,19% anggota rumah tangga > 4, status kepemilikan rumah bukan pribadi 22.28%, tidak memiliki jamban 4.36%, dan sumber air bersih leding 68.31%. Hasil uji chi square variable pendidikan ada hubungan dengan seluruh variabel kualitas lingkungan rumah, tetapi tidak begitu bermakna. Pekerjaan memiliki hubungan yang tidak bermakna dengan sumber air minum dengan p-value 0.0000 < 0.05. Bentuk perlindungan atau bantuan sosial yang banyak diterima masyarakat ialah asuransi kesehatan Kesimpulan: Kualitas dan kondisi perumahan di wilayah perkotaan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial ekonomi semata, tetapi juga ada aspek sosial budaya yang sangat sulit diintervensi.

Background: The problem of housing quality is a global problem, especially for developing countries. The quality of the housing environment and socio-economic conditions in urban areas is influenced by population density, houses, and supporting facilities. The quality of the house is determined by 3 important components, namely: sanitation facilities, drinking water sources and clean water. Socio-economic factors include employment, education, and income of the community can affect the quality of the housing environment. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the quality of settlements and socio-economic conditions in Indonesia. Methods: Quantitative research on secondary data from the 2016 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) using a cross sectional design. The sample of this research is 472,246 households spread across cities in Indonesia with the sampling method of two stages one phase stratified sampling. The variables of this study include the dependent is the quality of the housing environment and the independent is the socioeconomic conditions of the household. Data analysis went through 2 stages, namely: descriptive and Chi-square test with a significant level of = 5%. Results: Percentage of people having basic or low education level 61.08%, working 44.32%, health insurance 24.40%, 54.19% household members > 4, non-private house ownership status 22.28%, not having a latrine 4.36 %, and 68.31% piped water source. The results of the chi-square test of the education variable have a relationship with all variables of the quality of the home environment, but it is not very significant. Employment has a non-significant relationship with drinking water sources with p-value 0.0000 < 0.05. The form of protection or social assistance that is widely accepted by the community is health insurance Conclusion: The quality and condition of housing in urban areas is not only influenced by socio-economic conditions, but also socio-cultural aspects that are very difficult to intervene.

Kata Kunci : Kualitas lingkungan, perumahan, social ekonomi, masyarakat, perkotaan, Environmental quality, housing, socio-economic, community, urban

  1. S2-2021-403181-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2021-403181-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2021-403181-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2021-403181-title.pdf