THE DIVERSITY OF MACRO FUNGI ON THE URBAN FOREST OF UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA DURING LOCKDOWN OF UNIVERSITY
GALUH ANGGARA, Dr. Ir. Sri Rahayu, MP.; Dr. Ir. Handojo Hadi Nurjanto, M.Agr.Sc.
2021 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANANJamur makroskopis merupakan komponen penting dalam ekosistem karena berperan penting dalam fungsi ekosistem, termasuk ekosistem di hutan kota Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi genera dan menilai diversitas jamur makroskopis di hutan kota Universitas Gadjah Mada, khususnya di masa lockdown universitas karena pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan di seluruh area di hutan kota UGM dengan metode Complete Survey pada bulan Juni 2020. Berdasarkan nilai intensitas cahaya relatif, hutan kota UGM dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu lokasi dengan intensitas cahaya rendah (closed system), sedang (closed system), dan tinggi (open system). Identifikasi jamur makroskopis dilakukan berdasarkan ciri morfologi badan buah jamur didukung dengan kunci determinasi dan literatur yang tersedia. Keragaman jamur makroskopis dinilai menggunakan indeks diversitas dan dihitung menggunakan rumus kepadatan dan Indeks Diversitas Simpson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 40 spesies jamur makro yang berasal dari 25 genera (Agaricus, Amanita, Auricularia, Collybia, Coprinellus, Coriolopsis, Earliella, Fomes, Ganoderma, Lepiota, Microporellus, Microporus, Mycena, Pleurotus, Polyporus, Poria, Pycnoporus, Russula, Schizophyllum, Stereum, Trametes, Tremella, Tricholoma, Xerula, and Xylaria ), termasuk dalam 15 famili dari 6 ordo yang tumbuh pada tanah, seresah, kayu lapuk maupun pohon hidup dan berperan sebagai dekomposer, saprofit, mikorisa maupun patogen. Berdasarkan Indeks Diversitas Simpson, keberagaman jamur makroskopis baik pada area dengan intensitas cahaya sedang (0,581) dan tinggi (0,463) tidak berbeda jauh dengan keberagaman jamur makroskopis di area intensitas cahaya rendah (0,709) yang memang sesuai untuk habitat jamur makroskopis dan memiliki nilai kepadatan tertinggi (44,8%). Jamur makroskopis genera Agaricus, Amanita, Auricularia, Coriolopsis, Earliella, Fomes, Ganoderma, Microporus, Mycena, Polyporus, Poria, Pycnoporus, Trametes, Schizophyllum, dan Xylaria mampu tumbuh di area dengan intensitas cahaya tinggi di masa lockdown universitas.
Macro fungi are important component of the ecosystem because of their vital role in the ecosystem functions, including the ecosystem on the urban forest of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). This research aims to identify genera and assess the diversity of macro fungi on the urban forest of UGM during a lockdown of university because of Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted by Complete Survey in all area of the urban forest of UGM on June 2020. The urban forest of UGM was divided into three types based on the value of relative light intensity, they were low-light intensity area (closed system), medium-light intensity area (closed system), and high-light intensity area (open system). The identification of macro fungi was done based on the morphology of the fruiting body supported by the determination key and literature. The diversity of macro fungi was assessed using diversity index and calculated using density formula and Simpson Diversity Index. The research found 40 species of macro fungi belong to 25 genera (Agaricus, Amanita, Auricularia, Collybia, Coprinellus, Coriolopsis, Earliella, Fomes, Ganoderma, Lepiota, Microporellus, Microporus, Mycena, Pleurotus, Polyporus, Poria, Pycnoporus, Russula, Schizophyllum, Stereum, Trametes, Tremella, Tricholoma, Xerula, and Xylaria) and 15 families from 6 orders which grew on soil, litter fall, degraded wood, and living trees. They lived as a decomposer, saprophyte, mycorrhiza, and pathogen. Based on the Simpson Diversity Index, the diversity of macro fungi on medium-light intensity area (0,581) and high-light intensity area (0,463) were not much different compared to the low-light intensity area (0,709) which is suitable habitat for macro fungi and had the highest density value (44,8%). Genera Agaricus, Amanita, Auricularia, Coriolopsis, Earliella, Fomes, Ganoderma, Microporus, Mycena, Polyporus, Poria, Pycnoporus, Trametes, Schizophyllum, and Xylaria were able to grow in the high-light intensity area during lockdown of the university.
Kata Kunci : jamur makroskopis, lockdown, diversitas jamur makroskopis