PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT (Sargassum sp.) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN PAKAN SUMBER MINERAL TERHADAP KINERJA PRODUKSI DOMBA EKOR TIPIS JANTAN LEPAS SAPIH

AGUSTINUS PAGA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ali Agus, DAA., DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Kustantinah, DEA., IPU.; Prof. Ir. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2021 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PETERNAKAN

This study was aimed to study the chemical composition and content of secondary metabolites of seaweed flour (Sargassum sp), digestibility of dry matter, and organic matter, microbial protein synthesis, in vitro rumen fermentation, and palatability of seaweed flour (Sargassum sp.), level of consumption, and nutrient digestibility, microbial protein production, production performance, and macro and micro mineral profiles in the blood of weaned rams fed with seaweed flour (Sargassum sp.). Research materials and methods: Phase I. Sargassum sp. from Gunungkidul Yogyakarta cleaned, sun-dried, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer at -20oC. Research variables include analysis of the nutrient composition, macro, and micro minerals, saponins, and tannins. Stage II. Evaluation of digestibility and rumen fermentation in vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3x2 factorial pattern. Three treatments of drying seaweed Sargassum sp. include S1=sun, S2=oven, and S3=freeze dryer; two treatments P0 = without Polyethylene glycol (PEG), P1 = addition of PEG, and palatability test using 5 sheep. The research variables included: dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, pH, microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation, and palatability. Stage III. Evaluating the use of Sargassum sp. seaweed flour. Sixteen weaned thin-tailed rams aged 5 to 6 years old with the body weight for about 11.8 kg for 3 months, using 4x4 CRD with four treatments, namely T1 = forage + concentrate + 0% minerals of concentrate, T2 = Forage + concentrate + mineral booster cow 0.38% of concentrate, T3 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.5% of concentrate, T4 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.10% of concentrate. The variables observed were nutrient consumption and digestibility, macro and micro mineral balance in blood plasma, microbial protein synthesis, daily body weight gain (DBWG), ration efficiency (RE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed costs (IOFC). The results of the first phase of the study showed that Sargassum sp. through sun-drying, oven and freeze dryer was not significantly different from DM. and crude protein (CP), but significantly different (P<0.05 on the content of ash, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), and extract material without nitrogen (EMWN). The highest ash content of sun-drying was 46.56%, and the lowest in freeze dryer drying was 38.26%, with the highest EE content in oven-drying at 0.58%, and the lowest in freeze-drying at 0.48%. The highest CF content in oven-drying at 8.76% and the lowest in sun-drying at 6.67%. The highest EMWN content in freeze dryer drying was 45.78%, and the lowest was 37.41% sun-drying. Sargassum sp. sun-drying, oven, and freeze dryer were not significantly different from saponins and had a significant effect (P<0.05) on tannins. The highest tannin content in freeze dryer drying was 1.22% (w/w), and the lowest was 0.77% (w/w) in oven-drying. Sargassum sp. seaweed. Sun-drying, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer -20oC significantly (P<0.05) on calcium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), cuprum (Cu), and ferrum (Fe). The highest macro mineral K in oven drying was 99.8 mg/kg, and the lowest P in freeze dryer drying was 8.85 mg/kg. The highest micro mineral Fe in oven-drying was 1457.90 ppm, and the lowest was Cu 4.26 ppm in sun-drying. In vitro experiments did not differ in the treatment of gas production for 72 hours, gas production kinetics, pH, VFA, microbial protein synthesis, and organic matter degradation (OMD). The treatments obtained were significantly different (P<0.05) on the production of CH4 gas, NH3, and dry matter degradation (DMD). The lowest production of CH4 gas from sun-drying without PEG was 4.02%. The highest NH3 production in sun-drying PEG was 28.11 mg/100 mL and the lowest was freeze dryer PEG 21.78 mg/100 mL. The highest dry matter degradation was PEG sun-drying 82.41%, and the lowest PEG drying was 46.26% oven-drying. The palatability test of Sargassum sp. sun-drying, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer -20oC on weaned thin tails <25%. In vivo experimental treatment did not affect consumption and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EMWN, and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the consumption of minerals Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, and zinc (Zn). The highest consumption of Na minerals was T1=2866.76 mg/kg, and the lowest was K T2=6.41 mg/kg. The highest consumption of Fe minerals was T2=2789.57 mg/kg and the lowest was Cu T3=22.06 mg/kg. Blood plasma minerals before treatment did not differ on Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Ca and K. The highest Ca mineral was T1 = 87.13 mg/kg and the lowest was T3 = 57, 6 mg/kg. The highest mineral K was T3 = 1013.31 mg/kg and the lowest was T1 = 682.99 mg/kg. The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the minerals Mg, Cu, and Fe in blood plasma but no effect on Ca, K, Na, Zn. The highest Mg mineral T3=58.94 mg/kg, and the lowest was T1=4.78 mg/kg. The highest Cu mineral is T3=0,80 mg/kg, and the lowest is T4=0,54 mg/kg; the highest Fe mineral was T1=436.44 mg/kg and the lowest was T4=319.99 mg/kg. The treatment did not affect purine derivatives, pH, propionate, microbial protein, absolute daily weight gain, feed cost per gain, and IOFC and had an effect (P<0.05) on acetate, butyrate, total VFA, efficient use of ration, and FCR and relative average daily gain (RADG). The highest acetate content was T1=144.02 mM and the lowest was T2=21.39 mM. The highest butyrate content was T1 = 32.08 mM and the lowest was T2 = 6.81 mM. The highest total VFA content was T1=215.52 mM and the lowest was T4=102.69 mM. The highest efficient use of ration value was T4=19.64% and the lowest was T3=5.77%. The highest FCR value was T3=6.41 and the lowest was T4=5.12. The highest relative value of ADG was T4=1.27 gram/head/day and the lowest was T1=0.95 gram/head/day. Based on the results obtained, the use of Sargassum sp. 10% of concentrate with sun-drying can improve the production performance of weaning rams.

This study was aimed to study the chemical composition and content of secondary metabolites of seaweed flour (Sargassum sp), digestibility of dry matter, and organic matter, microbial protein synthesis, in vitro rumen fermentation, and palatability of seaweed flour (Sargassum sp.), level of consumption, and nutrient digestibility, microbial protein production, production performance, and macro and micro mineral profiles in the blood of weaned rams fed with seaweed flour (Sargassum sp.). Research materials and methods: Phase I. Sargassum sp. from Gunungkidul Yogyakarta cleaned, sun-dried, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer at -20oC. Research variables include analysis of the nutrient composition, macro, and micro minerals, saponins, and tannins. Stage II. Evaluation of digestibility and rumen fermentation in vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3x2 factorial pattern. Three treatments of drying seaweed Sargassum sp. include S1=sun, S2=oven, and S3=freeze dryer; two treatments P0 = without Polyethylene glycol (PEG), P1 = addition of PEG, and palatability test using 5 sheep. The research variables included: dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, pH, microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation, and palatability. Stage III. Evaluating the use of Sargassum sp. seaweed flour. Sixteen weaned thin-tailed rams aged 5 to 6 years old with the body weight for about 11.8 kg for 3 months, using 4x4 CRD with four treatments, namely T1 = forage + concentrate + 0% minerals of concentrate, T2 = Forage + concentrate + mineral booster cow 0.38% of concentrate, T3 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.5% of concentrate, T4 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.10% of concentrate. The variables observed were nutrient consumption and digestibility, macro and micro mineral balance in blood plasma, microbial protein synthesis, daily body weight gain (DBWG), ration efficiency (RE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed costs (IOFC). The results of the first phase of the study showed that Sargassum sp. through sun-drying, oven and freeze dryer was not significantly different from DM. and crude protein (CP), but significantly different (P<0.05 on the content of ash, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), and extract material without nitrogen (EMWN). The highest ash content of sun-drying was 46.56%, and the lowest in freeze dryer drying was 38.26%, with the highest EE content in oven-drying at 0.58%, and the lowest in freeze-drying at 0.48%. The highest CF content in oven-drying at 8.76% and the lowest in sun-drying at 6.67%. The highest EMWN content in freeze dryer drying was 45.78%, and the lowest was 37.41% sun-drying. Sargassum sp. sun-drying, oven, and freeze dryer were not significantly different from saponins and had a significant effect (P<0.05) on tannins. The highest tannin content in freeze dryer drying was 1.22% (w/w), and the lowest was 0.77% (w/w) in oven-drying. Sargassum sp. seaweed. Sun-drying, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer -20oC significantly (P<0.05) on calcium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), cuprum (Cu), and ferrum (Fe). The highest macro mineral K in oven drying was 99.8 mg/kg, and the lowest P in freeze dryer drying was 8.85 mg/kg. The highest micro mineral Fe in oven-drying was 1457.90 ppm, and the lowest was Cu 4.26 ppm in sun-drying. In vitro experiments did not differ in the treatment of gas production for 72 hours, gas production kinetics, pH, VFA, microbial protein synthesis, and organic matter degradation (OMD). The treatments obtained were significantly different (P<0.05) on the production of CH4 gas, NH3, and dry matter degradation (DMD). The lowest production of CH4 gas from sun-drying without PEG was 4.02%. The highest NH3 production in sun-drying PEG was 28.11 mg/100 mL and the lowest was freeze dryer PEG 21.78 mg/100 mL. The highest dry matter degradation was PEG sun-drying 82.41%, and the lowest PEG drying was 46.26% oven-drying. The palatability test of Sargassum sp. sun-drying, oven 55oC, and freeze dryer -20oC on weaned thin tails <25%. In vivo experimental treatment did not affect consumption and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EMWN, and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the consumption of minerals Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, and zinc (Zn). The highest consumption of Na minerals was T1=2866.76 mg/kg, and the lowest was K T2=6.41 mg/kg. The highest consumption of Fe minerals was T2=2789.57 mg/kg and the lowest was Cu T3=22.06 mg/kg. Blood plasma minerals before treatment did not differ on Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Ca and K. The highest Ca mineral was T1 = 87.13 mg/kg and the lowest was T3 = 57, 6 mg/kg. The highest mineral K was T3 = 1013.31 mg/kg and the lowest was T1 = 682.99 mg/kg. The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the minerals Mg, Cu, and Fe in blood plasma but no effect on Ca, K, Na, Zn. The highest Mg mineral T3=58.94 mg/kg, and the lowest was T1=4.78 mg/kg. The highest Cu mineral is T3=0,80 mg/kg, and the lowest is T4=0,54 mg/kg; the highest Fe mineral was T1=436.44 mg/kg and the lowest was T4=319.99 mg/kg. The treatment did not affect purine derivatives, pH, propionate, microbial protein, absolute daily weight gain, feed cost per gain, and IOFC and had an effect (P<0.05) on acetate, butyrate, total VFA, efficient use of ration, and FCR and relative average daily gain (RADG). The highest acetate content was T1=144.02 mM and the lowest was T2=21.39 mM. The highest butyrate content was T1 = 32.08 mM and the lowest was T2 = 6.81 mM. The highest total VFA content was T1=215.52 mM and the lowest was T4=102.69 mM. The highest efficient use of ration value was T4=19.64% and the lowest was T3=5.77%. The highest FCR value was T3=6.41 and the lowest was T4=5.12. The highest relative value of ADG was T4=1.27 gram/head/day and the lowest was T1=0.95 gram/head/day. Based on the results obtained, the use of Sargassum sp. 10% of concentrate with sun-drying can improve the production performance of weaning rams.

Kata Kunci : Rumput laut, Sargassum sp, Domba ekor tipis, Mineral makro dan mikro, Metode pengeringan, Seaweed, Sargassum sp, Thin-tailed sheep, Macro, and micro minerals, Drying method