Kajian Kerusakan Lingkungan Pasca Gempa Bumi Di Desa Liang Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku

BADARUDIN ASWAT T, Danang Sri Hadmoko; Bowo Susilo

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Gempa bumi merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan dapat mengakibatkan perubahan terhadap kondisi lingkungan. Perubahan kondisi lingkungan pasca terjadinya gempa bumi meliputi komponen abiotik, biotik, dan kultural. Desa Liang, Kecamatan Salahutu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku merupakan salah satu wilayah yang rawan dan pernah beberapa kali mengalami gempa bumi. Dampak gempa bumi tersebut, khususnya terhadap kondisi lingkungan, belum pernah dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan tingkat kerusakan lingkungan pasca terjadinya gempa, serta merumuskan strategi dan kebijakan pengelolaan untuk pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis kondisi topografi di lapangan. Analisis kuantitatif terhadap kondisi kerusakan dengan klasifikasi pembagian perubahan kualitas air, kerusakan sumur, likuifaksi, longsor, rumah. Untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam kepada informan yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jenis kerusakan lingkungan di Desa Liang pasca terjadinya gempa bumi adalah komponen abiotik meliputi perubahan kondisi air, kerusakan sumur, longsor, likuifaksi. Komponen biotik meliputi tutupan lahan dan vegetasi. Komponen kultural meliputi bangunan rumah, ekonomi, kesehatan. Tingkat kerusakan lingkungan termasuk dalam ketegori ringan, sedang, berat. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang dipandang sesuai diterapkan adalah pendekatan ekologis, teknologi, sosial, dan institusi. strategi tersebut perlu diterapkan dengan memperlihatkan aspek abiotik, biotik, dan kulural pada setiap lokasi akibat bencana pasca gempa bumi.

Earthquakes are one of the disasters that often occur in Indonesia and can result in changes to environmental conditions. Changes in environmental conditions after the earthquake include, including abiotic, biotic, and cultural components. Liang Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province is one of the areas that is prone to earthquakes and has experienced several times. The impact of the earthquake, particularly on environmental conditions, has never been studied. This study aims to determine the type and level of environmental damage after the earthquake, and to formulate management strategies and policies for environmental conservation. This study uses a survey method with quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches. Qualitative analysis is done by analyzing topographic conditions in the field. Quantitative analysis of the damage conditions with the classification of changes in water quality, damage to wells, liquefaction, landslides, houses. To find out the perception of the community, it was done by means of in-depth interviews with predetermined informants. The results showed that the types of environmental damage in Liang Village after the earthquake were abiotic components including changes in water conditions, damage to wells, landslides, liquefaction. Biotic components include land cover and vegetation. Cultural components include building houses, economy, health. The level of environmental damage is included in the category of mild, moderate, severe. Environmental management strategies that are deemed appropriate to be applied are ecological, technological, social and institutional approaches. The strategy needs to be implemented by showing the abiotic, biotic, and cultural aspects of each location as a result of the post-earthquake disaster.

Kata Kunci : Kerusakan Lingkungan, Gempa Bumi, Desa Liang