China's Immunity on the Discrimination Against the Uyghurs

NOEL HASINTONGAN, Dr. Randy Wirasta Nandyatama, S.I.P., M.Sc.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Komunitas Uyghur di Xinjiang saat ini mengalami diskriminasi di kamp konsentrasi dimana mereka mengalami penyiksaan oleh Pemerintah China. Sebagai respon atas kejadian tersebut, beberapa negara mulai bersuara menentang diskriminasi yang dialami oleh komunitas Uyghur. Namun, semakin banyak negara yang diam dan tidak menyuarakan pendapat mereka mengenai kekerasan tersebut - termasuk dari kelompok negara-negara Muslim di berbagai belahan dunia. Turki dan Indonesia adalah dua representatif dari kelompok negara Muslim yang dahulu bersuara keras mengenai perkara Uyghur tetapi sekarang semakin melemah. Berangkat dari teori Joseph Nye mengenai konsep "soft power", skripsi ini akan menganalisa bagaimana China mendapatkan imunitas terhadap kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang mereka lakukan di Xinjian kepada para kaum Uyghur. Dengan menggunakan konsep "soft power", riset ini akan mengilustrasikan bagaimana China menggunakan edukasi dan pendekatan institusional untuk mendapatkan imunitas tersebut.

The Uyghurs in Xinjiang is currently being discriminated in concentration camps where they would be tortured by the Chinese government. In response to that, some countries are speaking up against this discrimination and more countries are being silent against this ongoing human rights violation in Xinjiang. Apparently, the silence also comes from the Muslim countries, who have been speaking up against discrimination of fellow Muslim communities in other parts of the world. Turkey and Indonesia, are two significant representatives from the Muslim world that are also silent in this matter despite their past track records of being vocal to human rights violation towards Muslims all around the world. Departing from Joseph Nye's theory of soft power, this undergraduate thesis will mainly analyze about how does China become immune from the violations of human rights that they have committed in Xinjiang towards the Uyghurs. By using the concept of soft power, this research will illustrate how the process takes place in two case studies of Turkey and Indonesia. China's soft power that will be further elaborated in this research are in the fields of: education and institutional approach.

Kata Kunci : Uyghurs, Xinjiang, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Confucius Institutes, soft power, propaganda, scholarship, staged tourism