Kestabilan Karakter Fenotipik dan Molekuler Melon (Cucumis melo L. 'Kinaya') Berdasarkan Inter Simple Sequence Repeat

AMIR MUHAMMADI, Prof. Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, S.Si., M.Agr.Sc., Ph. D.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Melon merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia. Pasar melon di Indonesia kebanyakan masih diisi oleh melon impor seperti 'Action 434' , 'Sun Ladyâ', 'Glamour' dan sebagainya, hal ini karena kultivar melon lokal dianggap belum mampu bersaing dengan melon impor. Kultivar 'Kinaya' merupakan melon hasil persilangan kultivar 'Kinanti' dan 'Sonya'. Pengembangan kultivar 'Kinaya' sebagai melon lokal unggul Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas melon lokal sehingga mampu bersaing dengan melon impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan data dukung terhadap pengembangan 'Kinaya' sebagai kultivar melon lokal unggul. Penelitian ini meneliti tingkat kestabilan dan keseragaman karakter fenotipik dan molekular 'Kinaya' F3 dan F4 dibandingkan 'Kinanti' dan 'Sonya'. Penanaman melon dilakukan bulan Agustus 2019 hingga Oktober 2020 di Greenhouse Mutihan dan Kebondalem, Desa Madurejo, Kab. Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Pengambilan data fenotipik dan molekuler dilakukan di Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Metode digunakan berupa pengambilan data karakter fenotipik kualitatif serta karakter kualitatif mengacu pada IPGRI. Karakter molekuler diambil dengan Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat PCR-(ISSR) kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.1.). Primer digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu UBC 807, 809, 810, 812 dan 825. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui melon 'Kinaya' memiliki karakter buah non-aromatic reticulatus berbentuk ovate dengan warna kulit buah RHS 12A serta warna daging buah RHS 24D dengan tingkat kemanisan rata-rata 8,6 0Brix. Tingkat polimorfisme antara 'Kinaya F3 dan 'Kinaya' F4 cukup rendah yaitu 30%, sehingga variasi genetik antara 'Kinaya' F3 dan 'Kinaya' F4 cukup rendah dan nilai keseragaman dan kestabilan 'Kinaya' F3 dan 'Kinaya' F4 cukup tinggi berdasarkan primer ISSR UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 810, UBC 812 dan UBC 825. Primer UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 812, dan UBC 825 dapat mendeteksi pita DNA spesifik 'Kinaya' F3 dan 'Kinaya' F4.

Melon is one of the important food commodities in Indonesia. The melon market in Indonesia is still mostly dominated by imported melons such as Action 434, Sun Lady, Glamor etc, this is because local melon cultivars are considered unable to compete with imported melons. The 'Kinaya' cultivar is the result of a cross between the 'Kinanti' and 'Sonya' cultivars. The development of the 'Kinaya' cultivar as a superior local melon for Indonesia needs to be done to improve the quality of local melons so they can compete with imported melons. This study aims to provide supporting data for the development of 'Kinaya' as a superior local melon cultivar. This study examines the stability and uniformity of the phenotypic and molecular characters of 'Kinaya' F3 and F4 compared to 'Kinanti' and 'Sonya'. Melon planting was carried out from August 2019 to October 2020 at the Mutihan and Kebondalem Greenhouse, Madurejo Village, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Phenotypic and molecular data were collected at the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University. The method used in the data collection of qualitative and quantitatif phenotypic refers to IPGRI. Molecular characteritic data were taken with Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat PCR-(ISSR) and then analyzed using Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.1.). The primers used in this study were UBC 807, 808, 809, 810, 812 and 825. From this research, it was found that the 'Kinaya' melon had a non-aromatic reticulatus fruit character with ovate shape, fruit skin color of RHS 12A, fruit flesh color of RHS 24D and an average sweetness level of 8.6 0Brix. The polymorphism level between 'Kinaya' F3 and 'Kinaya' F4 is quite low, namely 30%, so that the genetic variation between 'Kinaya' F3 and 'Kinaya' F4 is quite low and the uniformity and stability value of 'Kinaya' F3 and 'Kinaya' F4 is quite high based on ISSR primers UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 810, UBC 812 and UBC 825. Primers UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 812, and UBC 825 can detect specific DNA bands of 'Kinaya' F3 and 'Kinaya' F4.

Kata Kunci : Cucumis melo L. 'Kinaya', ISSR, karakter, fenotipik, molekuler