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The Role Of Interfaith Civil Society Organizations For Peacebuilding In Yogyakarta

ARIF SETIAWAN, Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Ahnaf

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER AGAMA DAN LINTAS BUDAYA

Penelitian ini menganalisis beberapa kasus intoleransi agama, serta mengkaji peran yang dimainkan oleh organisasi masyarakat sipil di Yogyakarta dalam menanggapi kasus-kasus tersebut. Didasarkan pada berbagai kajian yang menempatkan masyarakat sipil sebagai kekuatan sentral dalam pembangunan perdamaian, penelitian ini mencoba untuk memahami mengapa kasus intoleransi agama terus kembali terjadi dan bahkan mengalami peningkatan meskipun ada banyak organisasi masyarakat sipil lintas iman yang aktif mempromosikan perdamaian di Yogyakarta. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa organiasi lintas iman dan gerakan masyarakat sipil di Yogyakarta telah memainkan beberapa peran fungsional dalam merespon berbagai kasus intoleransi dan kekerasan agama yang terjadi, seperti melakukan advokasi dan pendampingan kepada korban, melakukan pemantauan dan dialog dengan pemangku kebijakan, serta sosialisasi dan pembinaan budaya damai. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya faktor kontekstual yang membatasi efektifitas upaya pembangunan perdamaian yang dilakukan oleh organisasi masyarakat sipil di Yogyakarta, yaitu: tidak hadirnya peran negara yang tepat dalam menangani setiap kasus intoleransi yang terjadi, perilaku dan komposisi masyarakat sipil yang masih berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai konflik, serta persoalan kekuasaan dan aktor politik yang kerap mendorong tindakan intoleransi untuk memobilisasi kepentingan tertentu. Kemudian, setidaknya ada dua hal yang masih menjadi kendala dan menghambat optimalnya kinerja pembangunan perdamaian yang dilakukan oleh organisasi masyarakat sipil lintas agama, yaitu penolakan dari masyarakat terhadap gerakan lintas agama, serta kurangnya kerjasama yang solid dari berbagai aktivis lintas agama dan pihak lain di Yogyakarta untuk menjaga perdamaian.

Yogyakarta is one of the most pluralistic provinces in Indonesia with a civil society known for its high regard for tolerance. The people of Yogyakarta are also considered pioneers and barometers of interfaith activism because many interfaith civic organizations have played a major role in the national movement to promote the values of peace and harmony between religious communities. However, in the last decade, Yogyakarta was recorded as one of the areas with the highest cases of religious intolerance in Indonesia. Various studies show that there is a trend of cases of intolerance in Yogyakarta because cases of intolerance against minority groups continue to occur and even increase. Based on various studies that place civil society as a central force in peacebuilding, to see further the role of civil society organizations in the context of religious peacebuilding, this study analyzes several cases of religious intolerance, as well as examines the roles played by civil society organizations in Yogyakarta in responding to these cases. This study confirms that interfaith civic organizations in Yogyakarta have played several functional roles in responding to various cases of intolerance and religious violence that occurred, such as advocating and providing assistance to victims, monitoring and holding dialogues with policymakers, as well as socialization and building a culture of peace. In addition, this study also finds that there are contextual factors that limit the effectiveness of peacebuilding efforts carried out by civil society organizations in Yogyakarta so that cases of religious intolerance continue to recur and even increase. These contextual factors are; the absence of the proper role of the state in dealing with every case of intolerance that occurs, the behavior and composition of civil society which still has the potential to cause various conflicts, as well as the issue of power and political actors that often encourage acts of intolerance to mobilize certain interests. Looking at why the interfaith organizations are not always successful in preventing acts of religious intolerance in Yogyakarta, there are at least two things that still become obstacles and hinder the optimal performance of peacebuilding carried out by the interfaith civil organizations, namely the rejection from the community against interfaith movements, as well as the lack of solid cooperation from various interfaith activists and other parties in Yogyakarta to maintain peace.

Kata Kunci : civil society, peacebuilding, interfaith organization