Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Penyuluhan Padi pada Program Nasional Upaya Khusus Peningkatan Produksi Padi, Jagung, dan Kedelai di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

NUR FITRIANA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, M.S.; Dr. Agr. Ir. Sri Peni Wastutiningsih

2021 | Disertasi | DOKTOR PENYULUHAN DAN KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN

Peningkatan produksi padi sangat penting bagi Indonesia mengingat kebutuhan beras tinggi dan terus meningkat. Beragam upaya peningkatan produksi telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, diantaranya adalah Program Nasional Upaya Khusus Peningkatan Produksi Padi, Jagung, dan Kedelai (Program Nasional Upsus Pajale) yang diluncurkan pada tahun 2015. Salah satu pendekatan program adalah, pendampingan penyuluh pertanian kepada petani melalui penyelenggaraan penyuluhan padi dan upaya percepatan penerapan pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT) padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reaksi petani terhadap penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian; pembelajaran petani; pengaruh reaksi petani terhadap pembelajaran petani; perilaku petani menerapkan inovasi teknologi PTT padi; pengaruh faktor pribadi dan faktor lingkungan terhadap perilaku petani menerapkan inovasi teknologi PTT padi; dan pengaruh perilaku petani terhadap produktivitas padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik survey. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive sedangkan pemilihan sampel petani dengan simple random sampling. Responden sebanyak 200 petani dari Kabupaten Purbalingga, Kabupaten Tegal, Kabupaten Magelang, Kabupaten Purworejo, Kota Magelang, dan Kota Semarang. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis data deskriptif, analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dan regresi. Hasil penelitian ada enam. Pertama, reaksi petani terhadap penyelenggaraan penyuluhan padi yang dilaksanakan pada Program Nasional Upsus Pajale cukup baik. Ke dua, setelah mengikuti penyuluhan, pembelajaran petani berupa pertambahan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani tentang teknologi PTT padi termasuk pada kategori sangat sedikit serta sikap setuju petani terhadap teknologi PTT padi. Ke tiga, reaksi petani memengaruhi pembelajaran petani. Ke empat, penerapan teknologi PTT padi masih pada taraf kadang-kadang diterapkan. Ke lima, lingkungan petani yang meliputi peran penyuluh pertanian dan peran ketua kelompok tani termasuk pada kategori kadang-kadang. Ke enam, perilaku petani mengadopsi teknologi PTT padi dipengaruhi secara langsung dan tidak langsung oleh reaksi petani, pembelajaran petani, dan lingkungan petani, namun tidak dipengaruhi oleh pribadi petani. Ke tujuh, perilaku petani menerapkan komponen pilihan teknologi PTT padi memengaruhi produktivitas padi. Ke delapan, Secara teoritis, ketika petani mengikuti penyuluhan, petani akan bereaksi dan hal tersebut memengaruhi pembelajaran petani. Jika pembelajaran petani meningkat, maka akan terjadi perubahan perilaku petani. Namun berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peningkatan pembelajaran petani tidak secara langsung menyebabkan petani menerapkan teknologi PTT padi. Peningkatan pembelajaran petani akan meningkatkan peran penyuluh pertanian dan peran ketua kelompok tani. Petani membutuhkan pendampingan penyuluh pertanian dan ketua kelompok tani. Peningkatan peran lingkungan petani menyebabkan petani mengadopsi teknologi PTT padi.

The improvement of rice production is necessary in Indonesia as the demands for rice is high and getting increasing. Efforts to increase production have been done by the government, such as National Special Program of Rice, Corn, and Soybean Production Improvement (Upsus Pajale) launched in 2015. One of the approaches of the program is assistance for farmers given by agricultural extension agents and acceleration of integrated crop management (ICM) for rice implementation. The purpose of this research is to discover farmer's response to agricultural extension; farmers' learning; impacts of farmers' response on farmers' learning; farmers' behavior in applying integrated crop management (ICM) for rice; impacts of farmers' characteristics and environment on farmers' behavior in applying integrated crop management (ICM) for rice; and impacts of farmers' behavior on rice productivity. This research utilizes quantitative approach. Data collection method is using surveys. The location of the research is chosen purposively while farmers are selected through simple random sampling. There are 200 farmers from Purbalingga Regency, Tegal Regency, Magelang Regency, Purworejo Regency, Magelang City, and Semarang City. Data analysis consists of descriptive data analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis and regression. There are 6 results in this research. First, farmers' response to the implementation of the extension of rice production on Upsus Pajale are relatively good. Second, after attending the extension, the improvement of farmers' learning shown in knowledge and skills in technology for integrated crop management (ICM) for rice is still very little despite the positive attitude on the ICM for rice. Third, farmers' response influence farmers' learning. Fourth, ICM technology for Upsus Pajale is applied by farmers occasionally. Fifth, farmers' behavior in adopting technology of ICM for rice is directly and indirectly influenced by farmers' response, farmers' learning, and farmers' environment but not influenced by farmers' characteristics (farmers' age and education). Sixth, farmers' behavior in adopting technology of ICM for rice is directly and indirectly influenced by farmers' response, farmers' learning, and farmers' environment but not influenced by farmers' characteristics (farmers' age and education). Seventh, farmers' behavior in adopting selected components of technology of ICM for rice influences rice productivity. Eighth, theoretically, when farmers attend an agricultural extension, they will give response and it also influence their learning. If farmers' learning is improving, then it will cause the farmers' behavior to change. However, based on this research results, improvement of farmers' learning does not cause farmers to apply technology of ICM for rice immediately. Improvement of farmers' learning will improve the role of agricultural extension agents and farmer group leader. The farmers need assistance from both agricultural extension agents and farmer group leader. The improvement of their role encourages farmers to adopt selected components of technology of ICM for rice.

Kata Kunci : evaluasi, penyuluhan, padi, perilaku, Kirkpatrick/ evaluation, extension, rice, behavior, Kirkpatrick