Manajemen Kedaruratan dan Kinerja Gugus Tugas Penanggulangan Bencana Pandemi Covid-19 Provinsi Maluku Utara

GAMAL HADI, Dr. Pande Made Kutanegara., M.Si.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK

Dinamika respon kebijakan pandemi Covid-19 yang dilakukan pemerintah pusat sangat berpengaruh terhadap langkah penanganan dan kinerja yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah. Keadaan ini berlaku menyeluruh tidak hanya di daerah-daerah daratan, namun juga bagi daerah kepulauan yang secara alamiah memiliki keungulan geographical barrier berupa laut sebagai lockdown natural. Selama ini tulisan tentang kebijakan dan dinamika penangananan pandemi covid-19 lebih banyak dilakukan di daerah daratan, seperti Pulau Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi, dan sangat jarang publikasi tentang daerah kepulauan. Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang manajemen kedaruratan dan kinerja Gugus Tugas penanggulangan bencana pandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi Maluku Utara sebagai salah satu provinsi kepulauan di timur Indonesia. Adapun tujuan tulisan ini adalah mendiskripsikan apa saja tahapan dan upaya percepatan penanganan pandemi Covid-19 yang dilakukan serta bagaimana penilaian publik terhadap pencapaian kinerja Gugus Tugas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, serta bantuan data dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tahapan manajemen kedaruratan Gugus Tugas meliputi: pembentukan struktur komando Gugus Tugas dan aktivasi Posko, kaji cepat, penyusunan Rencana Operasi, pelaksanan penanganan tanggap darurat, serta evaluasi dan pelaporan. Sedangkan upaya penanganan yang dilakukan Gugus Tugas meliputi kegiatan: pengawasan pintu masuk, komunikasi risiko, pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi, manajemen klinis, diagnosis laboratorium, penyelidikan epidemiologi dan surveilans, keberlanjutan layanan esensial, serta dukungan anggaran dan regulasi. Dari hasil pengukuran kinerja disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Produktivitas manajemen tanggap darurat Gugus Tugas telah berjalan dengan efisien dan efektif, dalam keterbatasan sumber daya mampu menurunkan dan mengendalikan tingkat penularan Covid-19; 2) Gugus Tugas menyajikan kualitas pelayan yang baik lewat keterbukaan dan kemudahan akses informasi dan dukungan SDM yang memadai; 3) Gugus Tugas telah bekerja responsif menyikapi situasi ancaman pandemi melalui sejumlah upaya-upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian pandemi Covid-19 lewat berbagai tindakan (pencegahan di pintu masuk, social distancing, sosialisasi, edukasi, penanganan klinis, karantina, regulasi/SOP); 4) Melakukan penanganan secara responsibilitas, yakni mengacu pada pedoman penanganan/SOP/ protokol kesehatan; serta 5) Gugus tugas sudah menerapkan akuntabilitas publik dengan melaksanakan keterbukaan informasi horisiontal kepada publik, serta secara vertikal melaporkan pertanggungjawaban kepada APIP dan BPK, yang telah dievaluasi dan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa penanganan yang dilakukan cukup efektif.

The dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic policy response carried out by the central government greatly affected the handling and performance steps taken by the regional government. This situation applies comprehensively not only in land areas, but also for archipelagic areas which naturally have the advantage of a geographical barrier in the form of the sea as a natural lockdown. So far, writing on policies and the dynamics of handling the COVID-19 pandemic has been mostly done in mainland areas, such as the islands of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and publications on archipelagic areas are very rare. This study analyzes the emergency management and performance of the Covid-19 pandemic disaster management Task Force in North Maluku Province as one of the archipelagic provinces in eastern Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to describe what the stages and efforts to accelerate the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic are and how the public evaluates the achievement of the Task Force's performance. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, as well as data documentation assistance. The results showed that the stages of the Task Force's emergency management included: the establishment of the Task Force's command structure and the activation of the Command Post, rapid assessment, preparation of Operational Plans, implementation of emergency response handling, as well as evaluation and reporting. Meanwhile, the handling efforts carried out by the Task Force include activities: entrance supervision, risk communication, infection prevention and control, clinical management, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiological investigations and surveillance, continuity of essential services, as well as budgetary and regulatory support. From the results of performance measurements, it is concluded that: 1) The productivity of the Task Force's emergency response management has been running efficiently and effectively, with limited resources able to reduce and control the rate of transmission of Covid-19; 2) The Task Force provides good service quality through openness and easy access to information and adequate human resources support; 3) The Task Force has worked responsively to respond to the pandemic threat situation through a number of prevention and control measures for the Covid-19 pandemic through various actions (prevention at entrances, social distancing, socialization, education, clinical handling, quarantine, regulations/SOPs); 4) Carry out handling in a responsible manner, which refers to the handling guidelines/SOP/health protocols; and 5) The task force has implemented public accountability by implementing horizontal disclosure of information to the public, as well as vertically reporting accountability to APIP and BPK, which have been evaluated and concluded that the handling carried out is quite effective.

Kata Kunci : Covid-19, Gugus Tugas, Daerah Kepulauan